Assorted notes
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Unsorted notes on the grammar of Gfiewish
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 29 May 2022, 20:44.
[comments] gfwgrammarsyntaxmorphology
2. Assorted notes
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3. forest semantics
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4. Gfiewish Pronouns
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
SGSingular (number)
one countable entity, INANInanimate (gender/class)
inanimate, sessile, 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PRESPresent tense (tense)
current, PRESPresent tense (tense)
current = unmarked
"Human" noun class | Singular | Paucal | Plural* |
ABS | unmarked | s-/se- | k-/ko- |
ERG | a-, in front of vowels ja- with the a- replacing the vowel | k-/ka- | kla- |
DAT | do- | el- | w-/wa- |
GEN | tr- | sr- | ker- |
LOC | g- | sga- | gek- |
INSTR | wlu- | fla- | kawl- |
COM | ha- | sa- | ga- |
"Animate" noun class | Singular | Paucal | Plural* |
ABS | unmarked | z-/ze- | ge- |
ERG | ek- | nj-/nja- | gan- |
DAT | ro-/r- | zor- | rok- |
GEN | te-**/tel- | ste- | deg- |
LOC | ak- | zak- | g- |
INSTR | hel-/hl- | sel-/sl- | kl-/kle- |
COM | hew- | zew- | wef- |
"Inanimate" noun class | Singular | Paucal | Plural* |
ABS | unmarked | t-/ta- | he- |
ERG | obb-/oba- | att-/ate- | heb- |
DAT | so- | sto- | hes- |
GEN | br-/bro- | sw-/swo- | bre- |
LOC | g- | teg- | ge- |
INSTR | ko-/sr- | wub- | hok- |
COM | on- | tom- | no- |
*Sometimes ABS.PL is denoted with ablaut (e.g. jges - jgios), which then also affects the other plural forms, making them irregular. (A table showing the differences is going to be added later)
**before longer words with three or more syllables
IMP = verb stem + identical vowel (if ending in a vowel), or identical last sound + identical last vowel
COND-Realis: if + non-past, non-past (+ future adverbial)
COND-Irrealis, present: if + non+past + COND, non-past
COND-Irrealis, past: if + past + COND, past
SOV, with subclauses marked by a suffix (-iw) attached to the main verb of the subclause.
Examples:
Fes Sr=gfiewgjknsiorjgiosowna kl=ot
/fɛʂ ʂɹə.gʷɪəʍ.ʒɘʝɘ.knʂɪʊɹ.jɘ.ʒɪʊ.ʂʊʍ.na kɭot/
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument COMComitative (case)
'together with'-Gfiewish 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I-talk
"I speak with Gfiewish" (="I speak Gfiewish")
Guu te luk tajs kestre fli kra otosa asstajiw wu xetsa sassobtu lo!
/gɯʷɯ tə ɭɯk taʝəʂ kɛʂtɹə fɭɪ kɹa ʊʈoʂa ɐztɐʝɪʍ ʍʊ xɛtʂa ʂazob̪ʈʊ ɭʊ/
Gu-u te luk Ø-Ø-taj-s Ø-kestre fli kra oto-sa ass-taj-iw wu xet-sa s-ass-optu lo
Think-IMPImperative (mood)
command about 3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PAUPaucal (number)
a few, some.GENGenitive (case)
possessive ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument-INANInanimate (gender/class)
inanimate, sessile-can-ADJZAdjectiviser (syntax)
turns word into adjective ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument-happiness if in_order_to say-INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.PAUPaucal (number)
a few, some-can-SRSubordinator
marks subordinate clause NEGNegative (polarity)
not come-INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb ANTIPAntipassive voice (valency)
valency is decreased by one-1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.PAUPaucal (number)
a few, some-call CONDConditional (mood)
would
Think about their possible happiness if we called to say we can't come!
Questions use a suffix (-ef), and are attached to the main verb of the sentence.
Example:
Retansa helesjgios ajnjat assnawotef?
/ɹɛʈɐnsa hɛɭəsjɘʒɪʊʂ ɐʝɐt ɐznaʍoʈɛf/
retan-sa Ø-heles-jgios ajnjat ass-nawot-ef
visit-INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument-with-people ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent-1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.PAUPaucal (number)
a few, some 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.PAUPaucal (number)
a few, some-need-QInterrogative
question
Do we need to visit the neighbors?
ADV = -ub (dekfles = sick, ill, dekflesub = sickly)
ADJZ = -s, -kl (taj(sa) = to be able, tajs = possible), -i (for deriving from dynamic verbs or certain nouns, rf = creek, rwi = running, uninterrupted)
NMZ =
verb with no INF (gelwsa = to please, gelw = pleasing),
-g/-ig for adjectives and other words to derive animate nouns,
b-/bo- for abstract nouns,
ar- for inanimate nouns that aren't abstract,
-o for deriving abstracter/more general nouns, especially from abstract adjectives (a kind of augmentative suffix, fox =
empty, foxo = nothing, nothingness, but bofox = emptiness)
-ka for professions or other nouns of the "human" class (foj = sheep, fojka = shepherd)
NEG = -w, -wu (tajs = possible, tajsw = impossible)
made of X = -n (gelw = pleasing, gelwn = pleasure)
towards (direction) = re- (tansa = to go, retansa = to visit)
originating from, coming from = en-
INSTR = -ok, deletes INF suffix (hletsa = to sit, hletok = seat, chair)
AUG = zwja- (from zwjatas, 'rock, boulder', hletok = seat, chair, zwjahletok = armchair)
DIM = we-, -is
CAUS = ex- (strewsa = be unhappy, disenchanted, exstrewsa = to make so. unhappy, disappoint)
opposite = -fe (bosa = to reflect on, bofesa = gloss over sth.)
LOC = g- (especially for placenames, fojkio = shepherd, gfojkio = at the sphepherds) and -mt (mostly for natural places, not buildings etc.)
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