Sound Changes: PIE to New Methinat
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 3 Mar 2018, 03:01.
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[top]Internal PIE Changes
1.1 Laryngeal colouring of *e
1.2 AHIHA rule - an intervocalic laryngeal is lost before a high vowel followed by a laryngeal and a vowel
1.3 Szemerényi's Law - word final voiceless fricatives assimilate to a previous coronal resonant
1.4 Stang's Law - sonorant clusters are simplified with compensatory lengthening of a preceeding vowel
1.5 h is lost between two obstruents
1.6 Regressive voicing assimilation in obstruents
1.7 Dentals assibilate before a dental stop
[top]PIE to Proto-Mettic
(ʔ = h₁, χ = h₂, x = h₃)
2.1 Front dorsals become palatals
2.2 Voiced aspirates become voiced fricatives
2.3 *ɣʷ > w
2.4a *kʷ, *gʷ > w / _sT
2.4b T > Ø / _sT
2.5 x > χ
2.6 Ø > ə / S_S (when both stops are in the same syllable)
2.7a R̩,H̩ > əR,əH / _$
2.7b R̩,H̩ > Rə,Hə
2.8a Nasals assimilate to a following consonant
2.8b ND > NN
2.8c NT > NN / _*V́
[top]Proto-Mettic to Ancient Methinat
3.1 Stops lenite to fricatives before another stop
3.2a χ > h / _S
3.2b χ > ʔ
3.3 Fricatives are lost between obstruents
3.4 sc,sj > śc,śj
3.5 Voiced fricatives devoice
3.6 *s > *h ! C, _#
3.7 Kʷ > K
3.8a *ei, *ou > *ē, *ō
3.8b *əi, *əu > *i, *u
3.9 *VRF > *V̄R / _#
[top]Ancient Methinat to Old Methinat
4.1 T > F / F_
4.2a Vʔ > V̄ / _$
4.2b ʔ > Ø
4.3 ē, ō > ī, ū / _#
4.4 o, ō > a, ā
4.5 The accent is attracted from a short vowel to a long vowel in a following syllable.
4.6 i,u > iy,uw / _V
4.7 The accent is retracted to the initial syllable from a non-final syllable
4.8 Voicing contrast is neutalised
4.9a e,ə > a / a
4.9b ə > e / e
4.9c VV > V̄
4.10 ə́, ə̄́ > i, ī
4.11 è, ḕ > i, ī / V́C(C)_
4.12a ə̀, ə̄̀ > a, ā
4.12b è, ḕ > a, ā
4.13 à, ā̀ > u, ū / _N
[top]Old Methinat to Middle Methinat
5.1 Fricatives debuccalise to h before a heterorganic obstruent
5.2 s > h / C_#
5.3 x > h / _C,_#
5.4 VN > Ṽ / _#
5.5 NT > N / _#
5.6 Syncope of immediately post-tonic internal short vowels in open syllables
5.7 Apocope of unstressed vowels, except in disyllables
5.8 Syncope of unstressed internal short vowels in open syllables
5.9 y[i,ī],w[u,ū] > [i,ī],[u,ū] / C_
5.10 RN > RR
5.11 ś, c > š, č > s, š
5.12 h > Ø / C_#, C_C
[top]Middle Methinat to Late Methinat
8.1 The accent is constrained to be no further leftward than the antepenult
8.2 VN > V̄̃ / _F
8.3 Ṽ > V
8.4 Vh > V̄ / _C
8.5 FF > TT
8.6 x > h
8.7 R > R̩ ! V
8.8 Ch > CC
8.9 Accent on the antepenult is moved to the penult if the ultima is heavy
8.10 Accent on the ultima is moved to the penult in words of more than two syllables if the ultima is light
[top]Late Methinat to "Colloquial" Methinat
9.1a Unstressed short vowels reduce
9.1b Unstressed long vowels shorten
9.2 ai,au,eu > ɛ(:),ɔ(:),y(:) (long when stressed)
9.3 Intervocalic voicing
9.4 h > Ø
9.5 Ø > ʔ / V_V
9.6 T,F > ʔ,h / _#
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