Sowar nouns
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 23 Jun 2017, 23:29.
[comments] sownouns
2. Sowar noun phrases
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3. Sowar nouns
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4. Sowar phonology
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5. Sowạr predicatives
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6. Sowar pronouns
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7. Sowar scratchpad
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8. Sowar verb phrase
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9. Sowar verbs
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Nouns are inflected for case and gender. There is no number inflection.
Human | Anim | inan | |
---|---|---|---|
Nom | ụ | ị | in/∅ |
Acc | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ |
Dat | ẹk | ịk | ẹng |
Instr | ob | àb | enb |
Loc | ụn | ạn | ẹn |
Human | Anim | inan | |
---|---|---|---|
Nom | gulụ | ďawị | hawdin/hawdi |
Acc | gul | ďaw | hawdi |
Dat | gulẹk | ďawịk | hawdẹng |
Instr | gulob | ďawàb | hawdenb |
Loc | gulụn | ďawạn | hawdẹn |
If the verb stem ends with a vowel, the vowel of the suffix is elided and the vowel of the stem gets breathiness and nasality.
Human | Anim | inan | |
---|---|---|---|
Nom | kujạ | sawị | rabe/raben |
Acc | kuja | sawi | rabe |
Dat | kujạk | sawịk | rabẹng |
Instr | kujab | sawib | rabenb |
Loc | kujạn | sawịn | rawẹn |
Nominative case is used for the subject of an intransitive verb and the agent of a transitive. The -n form of the inanimate nominative is used with some verbs and codes a force or a stimulus.
Bleng ďà gulụ.
the man is running
Satkal qal ďà gulụ.
The man is eating fish
Kàlàk hàtà hostịn
The wind opened the door.
Rib alyki gạxurịn.
I like potatoes
Satkal qal de olà gulụ.
The man is not eating fish
This case is used for the patient of a transitive verb. It also appears when the predicate is an adjective or a noun. Relative clauses take accusative case (no marking) instead of nominative.
Gul deban rabụ.
I hit the man.
Tàt gul ang.
That man is (my) father.
Jụt o gul ang
That man is short.
Gul debug olan rabụ.
i didn't hit the man
This case is used for indirect objects or the experiencer of the verbs that use -in nominative,
Satkal gulẹk ustan rabụ.
I gave the fish to the man.
Satkal gulẹk ustug olan rabụ.
I didn't give the fish to the man.
It appears as a genitive with the postposition i:
Sur o gulẹk i satkal.
The man's fish is hot.
Sur o rib i satkal.
My fish is hot.
Sur o là gulẹk i satkal.
The man's fish is not hot.
It also can be used for the agent of a passive, with the postposition ra.
Gulẹk ra exbạj satkal.
The fish was cooked by the man.
This form is used for instruments. It can also be a commitative.
Pasurob tagrut kobansan rabụ.
I cut the meat with the knife
Gulob sygy qàwan radu.
You walk with the man
Locative can be used with several postpositions to indicate path, source, etc.
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