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Sowar nouns
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 23 Jun 2017, 23:29.

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Menu 1. Case declension 2. Nominative 3. Accusative 4. Dative 5. Instrumental 6. Locative
[edit] [top]Case declension

Nouns are inflected for case and gender. There is no number inflection.



HumanAniminan
Nomin/∅
Acc
Datẹkịkẹng
Instrobàbenb
Locụnạnẹn





HumanAniminan
Nomgulụďawịhawdin/hawdi
Accgulďawhawdi
Datgulẹkďawịkhawdẹng
Instrgulobďawàbhawdenb
Locgulụnďawạnhawdẹn


If the verb stem ends with a vowel, the vowel of the suffix is elided and the vowel of the stem gets breathiness and nasality.




HumanAniminan
Nomkujạsawịrabe/raben
Acckujasawirabe
Datkujạksawịkrabẹng
Instrkujabsawibrabenb
Lockujạnsawịnrawẹn


[edit] [top]Nominative

Nominative case is used for the subject of an intransitive verb and the agent of a transitive. The -n form of the inanimate nominative is used with some verbs and codes a force or a stimulus.

Bleng ďà gulụ.
the man is running

Satkal qal ďà gulụ.
The man is eating fish

Kàlàk hàtà hostịn
The wind opened the door.

Rib alyki gạxurịn.
I like potatoes

Satkal qal de olà gulụ.
The man is not eating fish

[edit] [top]Accusative

This case is used for the patient of a transitive verb. It also appears when the predicate is an adjective or a noun. Relative clauses take accusative case (no marking) instead of nominative.

Gul deban rabụ.
I hit the man.

Tàt gul ang.
That man is (my) father.

Jụt o gul ang
That man is short.

Gul debug olan rabụ.
i didn't hit the man

[edit] [top]Dative

This case is used for indirect objects or the experiencer of the verbs that use -in nominative,

Satkal gulẹk ustan rabụ.
I gave the fish to the man.

Satkal gulẹk ustug olan rabụ.
I didn't give the fish to the man.

It appears as a genitive with the postposition i:

Sur o gulẹk i satkal.
The man's fish is hot.

Sur o rib i satkal.
My fish is hot.

Sur o là gulẹk i satkal.
The man's fish is not hot.

It also can be used for the agent of a passive, with the postposition ra.
Gulẹk ra exbạj satkal.
The fish was cooked by the man.

[edit] [top]Instrumental

This form is used for instruments. It can also be a commitative.

Pasurob tagrut kobansan rabụ.
I cut the meat with the knife

Gulob sygy qàwan radu.
You walk with the man

[edit] [top]Locative

Locative can be used with several postpositions to indicate path, source, etc.

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