Cazenian Phonology & Orthography
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 17 Jul 2018, 03:06.
[comments] dkzphonology
2. Ergativity
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5. Noun Classes
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9. Relative Clause
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10. Simple Past
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The phonological system of Cazenian is simple with characteristic features found in many languages. The writing system is a knot-inspired alphabet called (jac)jac "string" which can be written horizontally from left to right, top to bottom, or vertically from top to bottom, right to left.
The Cazenian vowel system consists of five basic monophthongs, with short/long and front/back versions.
Monophthongs
Monophthong phonemes of Cazenian
front unrounded | front rounded | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | (i)i /ɪ/ /i:/ | (ü)ü /ʏ/ /y:/ | (u)u /ʊ/ /uː/ | |
Mid | (e)e /e:/ | (ö)ö /œ/ /øː/ | (e)e /ə/ | (o)o /ɔ/ /o:/ |
Open | (ä)ä /æ/ /æ:/ | (a)a /ɐ/ /ɑ:/ |
Diphthongs
There are only three diphthongs: (ay)ay /aɪ̯/ (oy)oy /ɔʏ̯/ (ey)ey /ɛɪ̯
There are three umlauts: (ä)ä, (ö)ö, (ü)ü Some declension of words undergo vowel changes from a,o,u to ä,ö,ü.
They are formed by adding two dots above and below the letter.
alphabet | Latin | Name | IPA |
---|---|---|---|
(j) | j | jot | /j/ |
(l) | l | le | /l/ or /ɫ/ 1 |
(l') | l' | ts'us le | /ʎ/ |
(b) | b | bo | /b/ |
(n) | n | en | /n/ or /ŋ/ 2 |
(n') | n' | ts'us en | /ɲ/ |
(p) | p | pay | /p/ |
(m) | m | mi | /m/ |
(g) | g | ga | /g/ or /ʝ/ 3 |
(g') | g' | ts'us ga | /ʝ/ |
(d) | d | de | /d/ |
(d') | d' | ts'us de | /ɟ/ |
(c) | c | che | /k/ or /ç/ 4 |
(c') | c' | ts'us che | /ç/ |
(z) | z | ze | /z/ |
(z') | z' | ts'us ze | /ʑ/ |
(ž) | ž | lez ze | /ʐ/ |
(s) | s | sa | /s/ |
(s') | s' | ts'us sa | /ɕ/ |
(š) | š | lez sa | /ʂ/ |
(v) | v | ve | /v/ |
(r) | r | ra | /r/ or /ɾ/ 5 |
(f) | f | fa | /f/ |
(t) | t | ta | /t/ |
(t') | t' | ts'us ta | /c/ |
(ts) | ts | tsay | /t͡s/ |
(ts') | ts' | ts'us tsay | /t͡ɕ/ |
(h) | h | hana | silent or /ʔ/ 6 |
- realised as /l/ when forming clusters with other consonents or being a semi-vowel. realised as /ɫ/ when standing alone.
- realised as /ŋ/ when preceding /k/ or /g/
- realised as /ʝ/ when preceding stressed i or e.
- realised as /ç/ when preceding stressed i or e.
- realised as /ɾ/ when forming clusters with other consonents or being after an unstressed vowel.
- usually silent, realised as /ʔ/ when it is at the beginning of a word. It can follows c or g so that they always pronounced as /k/ and /g/ even when they are preceding a front vowel.
Obstruents are subject to voicing and devoicing in certain positions. The obstruents are either all voiced or all voiceless. To determine whether a given cluster has voiced or voiceless obstruents, examine whether the last obstruent in the cluster appears to be voiced or voiceless.
- (ptac)ptac ['ptɑ:k] bird
- (ptacvil)ptacvil [gæ'se:dvə] like a bird
- (eyge)eyge ['ɛɪ̯gə] eyes
- (aygcöže)aygcöže [aɪ̯'kœʐə] eyelids
At the end of a word, obstruents are pronounced voiceless.
- (což)což [koʂ] skin
Cazenian has very few loanwords as it tend to form new words by combining words that already exist. All loanwords are spelled in Cazenian Alphabet.
Cazenian runic has two punctuation mark: pause (), and finish mark ().
apart from functioning like a comma in english, pause also separate quotations.
finish mark functions like full-stop (period) in English, to indicate the end of a sentence. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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