Lesson #3 - Articles, Noun Affixes & Sentence Structure
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Learn definite and indefinite Noun articles, Noun and Verb affixes, and how Sentences are formed.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 11 Apr 2022, 18:04.
[comments] trsnlessonslesson 3
1. Lesson #0
11. Proverbs
?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
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Table of Contents
Now that you’ve (hopefully) gotten the hang of how tareséasen is written, it’s time to learn about articles, noun affixes, and how sentences are constructed in the language.
NOTE: Starting with this lesson, Romanization will no longer be provided. To refer back to the Romanization of tareséasen letters, refer to Lesson 1.
[top]Definite Articles
In tareséasen, there is only one definite article - da.
ejem:
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[top]Indefinite Articles
There are two singular indefinite articles. These are un and unch’.
unch’ is used before vowels...
ejem:
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...while un is used before consonants.
ejem:
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There is also one plural indefinite article - ch’uplu. This one is always used, regardless of whether the word begins with a vowel or a consonant.
ejem:
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[top]Affixes of Nouns
A noun can have six affixes added to it - two prefixes and four suffixes.
THE SIZE PREFIXES:
The two prefixes - ga- and sma- - relate to the size of the noun.
When ga- is added, it means the noun in question is physically larger, or more significant, than what is considered average.
ejem:
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When sma- is added, the noun in question is physically smaller, or less significant, than average.
ejem:
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Note that these prefixes can only be added to physical nouns - things that can be observed by sight, sound, or touch.
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.In some rare cases, they can be added to abstract nouns (non-physical nouns) where they function to turn the abstract noun into an adjective.
ejemes:
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Size prefixes can sometimes be compounded with a noun to form a new noun, which can then have the prefix added to it again to indicate its size.
ejemes:
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THE PLURALIZER:
The first noun suffix is the pluralizer. The pluralizer has three forms, -s , -en , and -es . Each is used depending on which letter the noun ends with.
-s is used if the noun ends with a vowel.
ejem:
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-en is used if the noun ends with the consonants g,h,l,r, and t (Note: this doesn’t apply to nouns ending in ch’)
ejem:
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-es is used if the noun ends with all other consonants.
ejem:
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Note that, like with the size prefixes, pluralizers can only be used on physical nouns.
THE P.O.S. CHANGERS:
The last three suffixes, -on , -lax, and -ne , change the part of speech of the noun.
-on
-on turns a noun into a type of adjective related to one (or more) of the following:
-having the quality of the noun
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-existing in a state of being caused by the noun.
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-further specifying the noun*
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*This usage rarely occurs with a lone noun. Rather, it is applied to a secondary noun when trying to describe the previous noun more specifically (such as distinguishing between a black cat vs. a brown cat, or a dentist vs. a cardiologist).
In most cases, if the noun ends in a vowel, the vowel is dropped.
-lax
-lax turns the noun into an adjective or adverb that compares the subject to the noun in one of two ways:
- the subject shares similar physical features to the noun.
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- the subject shares habits or behaviors to the noun.
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Note that if the noun ends in an s, it is dropped. If the noun ends in c or ʃ, the x changes to -laж
-ne
-ne turns the noun into a verb.
ejem:
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INESSIVE PREFIX:
With Physical Nouns, if a noun is holding or containing another noun, the prefix je- is added (Noun X has Noun Y within it).
ejemes:
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Similarly, if a noun is found within another noun, the prefix ije- is used. (Noun X is within Noun Y)
ejemes:
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[top]Declarative Sentence Structure
Sentences in tareséasen, like in English, are in the SVO (Subject,Verb,Object) form.
ejemes:
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If there is an indirect object in the sentence, then the order is SViOdO (Subject, Verb, Indirect Object, Direct Object)
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Note that these examples are all in the present tense. We’ll be talking about the past and future tenses in a later lesson.
[top]Questions (Review)
OOD
The format for questions in tareséasen has already been discussed in a previous lesson, but it’s only right to at least refer to question sentence structure briefly here.
There are two basic types of question phrases - those that use question words (who, what, where, etc.), verb/‘How’ questions (i.e. ‘Did you run?’/ ‘How fast are you?’)
When asking question word questions, the question word is placed at the beginning of the phrase , followed by the word “to be”, ben.
ejem:
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When asking a verb question, the verb is placed before the direct object/pronoun.
ejem:
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Asking a ‘how’ question is similar, with the addition of the desired adverb placed before the verb. If the ‘how’ question is using an adjective, it, and iz are placed before the direct object of the sentence.
ejemes:
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For more on how to ask and answer questions in tareséasen work, take a look at Lesson 3.
[top]Adjectives and Adverbs in Sentences
ADJECTIVES
Unlike English, adjectives describing nouns within a larger sentence are placed AFTER the noun.
Examples:
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The only exceptions to this rule are the Size Prefixes we just discussed, and the ordinal numbers (first, second, etc.), which will be discussed in a later lesson.
If you wanted to create a sentence devoted to JUST describing the noun, the adjective is placed after the noun with “to be” - ben - placed between them.
Examples:
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ADVERBS:
Similarly to English, adverbs are placed after the direct object, or the verb itself if there is none.
Examples:
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[top]Your Turn
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