Dhwer and Mbamigi Writing System
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Chart of the Dhwer and Mbamigi writing system
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 11 Jun 2016, 01:20.
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
The Dhwer and Mbamigi writing system (Dhwer: KuPlaHūlg Ðweruw, Mbamigi: Gaan eibo) is a vertically-written alphabet used primarily in the United Kingdom of Dhwer and Penkrot and the Republic of the Mbamigi Islands. It is used to write both the Dhwer and Mbamigi languages.
The alphabet first appeared during the Nomadic Period in what is now central Penkrot from 400 BCE to 200 CE and was originally used to write Ancient Dhweric.
In both languages, a vertical bar (Dhwer: hamb, Mbamigi: ɂab̃e), sits to the right of each consonant (to which the consonant is usually--but not always--attached. Vowel diacritics are written to the right of the vertical bar. Vowels are never attached to the vertical bar. Punctuation may be written above, below or to the left of consonants. It may or may not be attached to the vertical bar.
The Dhwer alphabet consists of 15 consonants and 8 vowel diacritics. The Mbamigi alphabet consists of 14 consonants and 3 vowel diacritics.
[top]Consonants
Character | Dhwer | Mbamigi | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Romanization | Pronunciation | Name | Romanization | Pronunciation | |||
Pant | P | p | /p/ | B̃o | B̃ | b̃ | /ᵐb/ | |
Terl | T | t | /t̪/ | D̃ami | D̃ | d̃ | /ⁿd/ | |
Þūlm | Þ | þ | /θ/ | (none)1 | (none) | (none) | ||
Klenk | K | k | /k/ | G̃aiɂa | G̃ | g̃ | /ᵑg/ | |
Baynð | B | b | /b/ | Bainze | B | b | /b/ | |
Də̄lg | D | d | /d̪/ | Dele | D | d | /d/ | |
Ðenkt | Ð | ð | /ð/ | Zeg̃i | Z | z | /z/ | |
Grarl | G | g | /g/ | Goi | G | g | /g/ | |
Marl | M | m | /m/ | Mau | M | m | /m/ | |
Naynk | N | n | /n/ | Naiŋ | N | n | /n/ | |
Ramp | R | r | /ɹ/ | Ŋab̃e | Ŋ | ŋ | /ŋ/ | |
Leþk | L | l | /l/ | Lele | L | l | /l/ | |
Hāder | H | h | /h/ | Ɂaada | Ɂ | ɂ | /Ɂ/ | |
Yump | Y | y | /j/ | Ii | I | i | /i/2,/j/ | |
Welb | W | w | /w/ | Oo | O | o | /o/2 |
1. Not used in Mbamigi.↩
2. Although written as consonants, Ii and Oo as phonologically vowels in Mbamigi.↩
[top]Vowel Diacritics
Character | Dhwer | Mbamigi | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Romanization | Pronunciation | Name | Romanization | Pronunciation | |||
Həbd | Ə | ə | /ə/ | (none)1 | (none) | (none) | ||
Hə̄ntak | Ə̄ | ə̄ | /ʌ/ | (none)1 | (none) | (none) | ||
Halpert | A | a | /a/ | Aa | A | a | /a/ | |
Hānþ | Ā | ā | /æ/ | (none)1 | (none) | (none) | ||
Helk | E | e | /e/ | Ee | E | e | /e/ | |
Hērb | Ē | ē | /ø/ | (none)1 | (none) | (none) | ||
Humb | U | u | /u/ | Uu | U | u | /u/,/w/ | |
Hūðbak | Ū | ū | /ʊ/ | (none)1 | (none) | (none) |
1. Not used in Mbamigi.↩
[top]Punctuation
Note: The letter Yump is used here to indicate punctuation positioning.
Punctuation Mark | Dhwer | Mbamigi | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Function | Notes | Name | Function | Notes | |
KeHenkret the end | Denotes a space between words. Also used centered to the left of vowel diacritics when they are not in words. | No exact Latin equivalent. | Ɂeg̃u end | Denotes a space between words. Also used centered to the left of stand-alone vowel diacritics. | No exact Latin equivalent. | |
KeNulk the finish | Denotes a completed sentence. | Equivalent to period or full stop. | Zezu finish | Denotes a completed sentence. | Equivalent to period or full stop. | |
KeNulk Geltuw the half finish | Denotes a break in a sentence. | No exact Latin equivalent. Often used similarly to a colon, semicolon and some uses of a comma. | Meŋe half | Denotes a break in a sentence. | No exact Latin equivalent. Often used similarly to a colon, semicolon and some uses of a comma. | |
KeRenð the breath | Denotes a pause in a sentence. | Used similarly to a comma. Written before the word following the pause. | Iaɂu pause | Denotes a pause in a sentence. | Used similarly to a comma. Written before the word following the pause. | |
KeÞelg the beginning | Denotes a new thought. | Used similarly to paragraph indentation. Written before the sentence. | Zeuge transliteration of Dhwer. | Denotes a new thought. | Used similarly to paragraph indentation. Written before the sentence. | |
KeMurm the asking | Denotes a question. | Used similarly to a question mark. Written before the sentence. Full stop still used. | Iebze inquiry | Denotes a question. | Used similarly to a question mark. Written before the sentence. Full stop still used. | |
KeTulþ the shout | Denotes an exclamation. | Used similarly to a exclamation mark. Written before the sentence. Full stop still used. | Dule transliteration of Dhwer. | Denotes an exclamation. | Used similarly to a exclamation mark. Written before the sentence. Full stop still used. | |
KeRāð the saying | Denotes a quotation. | Used similarly to quotation marks. Written before the sentence. Full stop still used after. | Laeɂue quotation | Denotes a quotation. | Used similarly to quotation marks. Written before the sentence. Full stop still used after. | |
KeBulg the attachment | Denotes an affix. | No exact Latin equivalent. Optional. | Not used. |
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