Ideophones and Adverbs
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 22 Feb 2017, 17:35.
[comments] grammarideophonesadverbspni
2. Piringian Anthem
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3. Piringian Culture
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"[Ideophones] are imaged words, descriptive, a bit like our interjections, although in some cases, for a stranger, the link between the shape of the word and what it evokes is by no means obvious: the important thing is that they are perceived as imaged by those who use them."
—p.105 of "Poésie du Gérondif", by Jean-Pierre Minaudier (my translation)
Ideophones do not exist in occidental European languages, the closest to ideophones being onomatopoeia. However, they are present in languages such as Japanese, eg. シーン, evoking silence. The difference between onomatopoeia and ideophones is that the latter are directly integrated into a sentence, without a pause or a change in tone, quite like an adverb, and are used in all registers, whilst onomatopoeia require a break in the sentence, and are not viewed as part of the main sentence.
Piringish has no adverbs. The manner in which an action was completed is expressed by the construction "V cag nwalasay A", V being a verb and A an adjective. For example, kapagsò lî kîsi cag nawalasay sagaramatîn, kapangsò lî kîsi cag nawalasay sagaramatîn, which would be translated as "he/she greeted me calmly", though the literally, it means"he greeted me with a calm appearance". Gloss: greet.PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.ACTActive voice (valency, volition)
the subject acts, voluntarily 2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).INCLInclusive (person)
speaker and listener 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.EXCLExclusive (person)
speaker's group, not listener.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient with appearance.OBOblique (case)
marked case, vs. direct.PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent calm.G2Gender 2 (gender/class).OBOblique (case)
marked case, vs. direct
However, Piringish does have ideophones. These are invariable, and always follow the verb. For convenience, these willl be entered into the dictionnary as adverbs, with the class "ideophone" (IDP) (generally, the WordLink corresponds to a noun).
Here is a list of common Piringish ideophones:
- kòló, water
- wwala, air/wind
- prta, fire
- m, earth
- hî, love/emotion
- karag, anger
- 'íyó, sadness
- halmaka, greatness/majesty
- tisi, littleness/insignificance
- hagtó, respect
- parakum, volcano/terrible but majestous
- híkatni, deceit/secrecy/invisible
- etc.
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