Tnaaq nouns
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Tnaaq noun inflection and noun phrase
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 9 Mar 2019, 00:11.
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2. Auxiliary verbs
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4. Phonology of Tnaaq
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5. Tnaaq clitics
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6. Tnaaq comparatives
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7. Tnaaq conjunctions
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8. Tnaaq derivation
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9. Tnaaq kinship
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10. Tnaaq nouns
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11. Tnaaq numerals
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13. Tnaaq prepositions
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14. Tnaaq pronouns
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15. Tnaaq relative clauses
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16. Tnaaq solar calendar
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17. Tnaaq syntax
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18. Tnaaq verbs
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19. Tnaaq writing system
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20. Tnaaq's background
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Tnaaq nouns show definiteness with a prefix that has several forms according to the following consonant. There is a distinction between specific vs anaphoric definites that is neutralized when the noun stem begins with t, k or q. Proper nouns have a special prefix, which is t- for masculine and n- for feminine. The masculine also changes to h- before plosives, except for Isian where it becomes s-. Indefiniteness is not marked.
| Prefix | Category | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| k- | Referential | It is used for specific individuals |
| q- | Discursive | It is used for nouns already mentioned. |
| Non referential | It is used to non specific things or classes of things |
iWwnK knaiuu: a/the woman (we know who we're talking about)
iWwnP qnaiuu: the woman (mentioned before)
iWwn naiuu: a woman (any woman/womenkind).
The anaphoric q- can be used with proper nouns if they refer to “someone naimed X”. It appears as s- instead of h- before plosives in Isian.
Nqaikys t'Ati: I'm looking for Ati.
Nqaikys q'Ati: I'm looking for someone called Ati.
Nqaikys h'Quqsart: I'm looking for Quqsart/someone called Quqsart.
Nqaikys s'Quqsart: I'm looking for Quqsart (Iisian)
Nqaikys h'Quqsart: I'm looking for someone called Quqsart (Iisian)
If a forbidden consonant cluster results a vowel is inserted: human nouns take a-, animates y- and inanimates u-.
Nouns are divided in two groups: alienable and inalienable. Inalienable nouns are those that are obligatorily possesed, like parts of a whole and the old kindship terms. Those nouns have a suffix -n.
tViqKanha-n: (them) arm
tViq Qiinuta: a table
Definiteness prefixes are often omited when the posessed noun is inalienable.
The possesor follows the possesed noun, and then goes a genitive clitic =a at the end of the noun phrase.
xuitNhNk Kanha-n t-Ati=a: Ati's arm
sinTpNhNk Kanha-n qa-naas=a: the (mentioned) baby's arm
pioSinTkNhNk Kanha-n ka-naas riq=a: the little baby's arm
pisNPioSinTkNhNk Kanha-n ka-naas riq n saaq=a: the crying little baby's arm
xuittViq Q-u-qiinuta t-Ati=a: Ati's table
To use them non posessed the noun iuu, person, is used as an indefinite posessor along with clitic =a.
uNhNk Kanhan iuu=a: (somebody's) arm
Possesive pronouns precede the possesed noun. The clitic =a is not used if there is a possesive pronoun.
NhNkG Kau kanha-n: your arm
tViqG Kau qiinuta: your table
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