Ecoce Umakofa Umofa c-Unuge 50e
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over 50 derivational morphemes!
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 1 Oct 2018, 02:49.
[comments] umoderivational morphologymorphologyaffixeslexicon
3. Ixaxaci Umofa
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Umofa derivational morphemes can be categorized into three categories: productive, semi-productive, and unproductive.
Productive morphemes can be used on any appropriate word any time and can create a new word that Umofa speakers will instantly be able to parse.
Semi-productive morphemes can be used on pretty much any appropriate word; however, Umofa speakers may have trouble figuring out the meaning, and it might sound strange.
Finally, unproductive morphemes can't be generalized and are mostly fossilized in existing words.
Umofa has over 50 derivational morphemes, but a large number of these are unproductive!
-(w/y)aci abstract nominalizer
‘instance of activity’: ak- -a on verb root
itik- turns verbs or nouns or modifiers into ‘place of’
uma- turns verbs into ‘human doer of’
unat- ~ un- turns verbs into ‘group doer of’
-aC turns verbs into ‘repeatedly'
up- ‘fraction, -th’
-ØocV as diminutive
ot-#-ew for million, billion, etc.
Verb to adjective: remove t--a, add -un. Meaning is ‘prone to.’
Total reduplication for ‘very' on adjectives and 'much, a lot' on verbs: tayaya 'really want'
Partial reduplication (copy initial VC or copy C with inserted o if no initial V) for 'a little, few' on nouns and adjectives (verbs already have an enclitic) (/enough for adjectives): umuma 'a few people'
Color adjectives: uxop-thing(minus final vowel)
t--ma 'to use (noun)’
t--eta ‘to make (adjective)’
t--uwa ‘to become (adjective)’
Nominalizing a consonant-initial modifier:
Copy the first vowel and put it at the beginning if there’s the clitic c-. For example, tur > tura > c-utura
-un ‘telic, successfully’ (on verb); can also have an inchoative meaning
at- ‘different objects’ (on verb), or ‘collection of’ (on noun)
er- ‘“with” applicative’ (on verb),
uf- (vaguely undesirable) (on verb)
-aw ‘causative’ (on verb)
-uy ‘nonvolitional’ (on verb)
-ixo ‘trade of noun, type of noun’ (deletes final vowel, other vowel changes); can be used on a nominalized modifier but deletes underlying -a
ob- reversive, on a verb or adjective
-(y)e, -eke (nominalizers on verb stems)
-n (generic adjectivizer from noun)
-un (generic adj to adj)
null derivation: verb to adjective, remove t--a
-no ‘this noun’
-uma ‘humans characterized by adjective' (w/y)
-agir (generic verb-to-verb) *participates in l/r harmony
-u, -e <> -a ‘body part to generic part’ (noun-to-noun)
up- ‘container for’ (noun to noun)
uk- (agentive, from a verb)
un- -a/u (that which is, from a verb or adjective)
ec- (time of)
-itum ‘without moving’
-ap (generic modifier-to-modifier)
ur-/ax- as middle/causative on pairs of verbs
-or on verb: to death
umak- on noun: bone of body part
-ca on noun: fake
a > o : only found in uma, umo as ‘inhabitant of'. not productive.
inyap- on verb ‘do stealthily’: not productive.
-ta: only found in uwu ‘arm’ > uwuta ‘finger’ and uwuba ‘leg’ > uwubata ‘toe’
-ba: only found in uwu ‘arm’ > uwuba ‘leg’ and ucogi ‘palm’ > ucogiba ‘sole’
Ø--a (adposition from verb)
t-root-a : verb from noun ‘make/use noun’; final vowel gets replaced.
conversely, usually turn final vowel into -o for nominalizing
t-root-ka ‘do like noun’
-k ‘like noun’
change initial vowel to a to make a direction out of a time of day or year (not productive)
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