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Yongagumei Dialect
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This private article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 27 Jan 2019, 14:23.

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Yongagumei Dialect (与那国島方言, yeongnagumei puang-ngyang) is a dialect of Mikyoan spoken on the island Yongagumei. Yongagumei Dialect is the most divergent of the Mikyoan dialects and is difficult to understand for speakers of other Mikyoan dialects, even speakers who speak dialects of closer islands. Due to the island's relative isolation, grammatically it is the most conservative dialect and closest to Mideival Mikyoan, however, in phonology, it is the most divergent of any of the dialects. By most scholars and acaedmics, Yongagumei Dialect is considered too mutually unintelligible to be a dialect and is classified as a language instead, however the Mikyoan Government classifies it as a Highly Divergent Dialect.

Yongagumei Dialect is often characterized as sounding ugly, angry, or uneducated by some speakers. In cinema, dramas, manhua, other forms of media, the Yongagumei Dialect is often used by speakers who are supposed to sound uneducated, conservative, or from rural areas. This is often converted to Southern dialects in American translations.

Phonology

Denasalised Initials
→ Initial [m] merges with [b]
Ex. 만화 (漫畫, manga, comics), [manxu̯a] → 반와 [bɒnɰɒ] → 밚와 [bɒnɦɒ]
→ Initial [n] merges with [d]
Ex. 닌나수 (七, seven), [ninnasɯ̞ᵝ] → 디나수 [dɨnɒsʉ]
→ Initial [ŋ] merges with [g]
Ex. 뀨휘 (語彙, vocabulary), [ŋi̯ɯ̞ᵝxu̯i] → 궇위 [gʉ:ɰɨ]

Vowel Shifts
→ [i] shifts to [ɨ]
Ex. 구기 (空気, air), [gɯ̞ᵝgi] → [gʉgɨ]
→ [ɯ̞ᵝ] shifts to [ʉ]
Ex. 구기 (空気, air), [gɯ̞ᵝgi] → [gʉgɨ]
→ [e̞] and [ɛ̈] merge to [ɛ]
Ex. 게이메이 (君, you), [ge̞ime̞i] → [gɛ:mɛ:]
→ [o̞] shifts to [ɔ]
Ex. 몽노 (物, thing), [mo̞ŋŋo̞] 봉오 [bɔŋɔ]
→ [ʌ] and [ɤ] merge to [ə]
Ex. 더이 (臺, tower), [dʌi] → [dəɨ̯]
→ [a] shifts to [ɒ]
Ex. 망좌주 (友達, friend) [maŋd͡ʑu̯ad͡ʑɯ̞ᵝ] → [mɒŋd͡ʑɦɒd͡ʑɦʉ]
→ [u̯] shifts to [ɰ] in dipthongs
Ex. 만화 (漫畫, manga, comics), [manxu̯a] → 밚라 [bɒnɰɒ] → 반와 [bɒnɰɒ] → 밚와 [bɒnɦɒ]
→ [e̞i] shifts to [ɛ:]
Ex. 메이 (location/destination particle), [me̞i] → [bɛ:]

Consonant Shifts
→ ㅎ remains [h], unlike most dialects where it has shifted to [x]
Ex. 홀 (a particle used to call something ridiculous or absurd), [xo̞l] → [hɔɻ]
→ [ɹ] and [l] shift to [ɻ]
Ex. 롤랑 (internet slang used to indicate something is sarcastic), [ɹo̞laŋ] → [ɻɔɻɒŋ]
→ [ɰ] shifts to [ɦ] if preceded with a nasal
Ex. 뫄솨 (Archaic destination particle), [mu̯aɕu̯a] → 음핫하 [mɰɒɕɰɒ] → 음핫화 [mɦɒɕɰɒ]

Grammar

Yongagumei Dialect is also known to have remnants of Vowel Harmony which have been lost in Standard Mikyoan:
→ Conjugation of Negative Verbs is done 3 ways, depending on if the preceding vowel is a front, back, or central vowel.
-케이 following ㅔ/ㅐ/ㅣ (eg. 델루 → 데케이)
-카이 following ㅏ (eg. 使루 → 使카이)
-쾨 following ㅓ/ㅗ/ㅜ (eg. 心鼓動루 → 心鼓動쾨)
→ The particle 가/ga, is used to break the Vowel Harmony when the following suffix cannot match the previous vowel
Ex. 지데잉쇼 (自転車, bicycle) + -챠 (-者, -er/-ist) = 지데잉쇼챠 (自転車者, bicyclist) - (ㅗ and ㅏ are in different vowel categories so 기 is inserted so that the two can coexist within the same word)

→ Questions in Yongagumei are distinguished on whether the question is polar or not, a feature which dates back to Midieval Mikyoan but has since been lost in Standard Mikyoan
- At the end of an interrogative statement, the speaker will either use 얘/야/여 to distinguish that the question is polar. 얘 is used in a verb containing ㅔ/ㅐ/ㅣvowels, 야 is used in a verb containing ㅏ, and 여 is used in a verb containing ㅓ/ㅗ/ㅜ vowels.
Ex. 店베이来여? (tehng-beh gulyeo?), "Are you going to the store?" [The listener can reply with "화" (wa, 係), yes or "예" (ye) no]
- At the end of an interrogatives statement, the speaker can also use 내/나/너 to distinguish that the question is not polar. 내 is used in a verb containing ㅔ/ㅐ/ㅣvowels, 나 is used in a verb containing ㅏ, and 너 is used in a verb containing ㅓ/ㅗ/ㅜ vowels.
Ex. 誰라店베이来너? (dareh-ra tehng-beh gulneo?), "Who is going to the store?
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