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The different types of adjective and how to use them
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 28 Sep 2023, 00:41. Editing of this article is shared with A Posteriori Conlangers.
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Gothish adjectives take different sets of endings in different circumstances. Essentially, the adjective can change due to the role in the sentence, which article is used (there are three total), and whether it’s singular or plural.
Like English, the adjective comes before the noun in Gothish.
Examples:
English – The big house.
Gothish – Se mikele gard.
In the Gothish language, there are three articles: ‘ein’, which means ‘a’, and ‘se’ & ‘ze’, which both mean ‘the.’
Singular nouns use ‘se’, while ‘ze’ is used for plural nouns. In the example above,‘gard’ (house) is singular, which is why the article ‘se’ was used.
The adjective changes slightly when ‘ze' (the) is used as the article instead of ‘ein’ (a).
English – That is a big house.
Gothish – Zate ist ein mikel gard.
The difference is that the adjective ‘mikele’ (big) changes its spelling when used with ‘ein’. When you’re using an adjective with the particle ‘se’ (the), you add an -e at the end if the adjective ends in a consonant, when the adjective already ends in -e, then -e becomes -je, for plural just attach -n to the singular definite form.
That is a big house = Zate ist ein mikel gard.
The big house = Se mikele gard.
| INDEFINITIW | DEFINITIW | |
|---|---|---|
| SINGULAR | -ø / -e | -e / -je |
| PLURAL | -e / -je | -en / -jen |
Here are some examples:
• Indefinitiw loude, since no article, following indefinite article or since not preceding a noun:
Goç man, goç kilzy, goç fimme jeh goze persoues. Y ist ein goç man, it ist ein goç kilzy, sy ist ein goç fimme jeh zy ni wisen goze persoues. Se man ist goç, se kilzy ist goç, se fimme ist goç jeh ze persoues wisen goze.
Good man, good child, good woman and good people. He is a good man, he/she is a good child, she is a good woman and they are not good people. The man is good, the child is good, the woman is good and the people are good.
• Definitiw loude, since following definite article:
Se goze man, se goze kilzy, se goze fimme jeh ze gozen persoues.
The good man, the good child, the good woman and the good people.
SE INDEFINITIWE FLEKSJON
The indefinite inflection is used when there is no article at all, or if the noun is preceded by a non-inflectable word or phrase such as ein fues,sumwhah or blows ("a little, some, a lot of/much"). It is also used when the adjective is preceded merely by another regular (i.e. non-article) adjective or preceded by an indefinite article (ein) or a possessive determiner.. More specifically, indefinite inflection is used:
• When no article is used
• When a quantity is indicated by
◦ sumwhah (some; somewhat, "abstract quantaties, uncountable"), meis (more)
◦ fow- (few), blows (much; many), manegh- (several; many), sum- (some, "specific quantaties"). Some of these words take plural indefinite ending.
◦ a number (greater than one, i.e. with no endings), without a definite article before it
◦ non-inflectable phrases: ein fow (a couple of; a few), ein lietel fues (a bit; a little bit)
• indefinite article ein.
• possessive determiners "mien", "zien", "eis", "zie" etc.
SE DEFINITIWE FLEKSJON
The definite inflection is used when there is a definite word in place (se [ze], whary, zate, zis, solk, whilk, ilk).
The endings are applicable to every degree of comparison (positive, comparative, and superlative).
Definite inflection is used after:
• definite article (se, ze.)
• se sam (the same), se som (the one)
• zis (this), zate (that), somen (any), whary (every)
• solk (such), whilk (which), ilk (each)
• oll (all)
• bas (both)
Se Positiwe Loude
The basic form of the adjective is the positive form: the adjective stem with the appropriate ending.
skuen (basic positive form)
se skuene haghe ("the beautiful song")
Se Komparatiwe Loude
The basic comparative form consists of the stem and the suffix -iç. Inflected, the corresponding adjective ending is attached.
skueniç (basic comparative form)
se skuenize haghe ("the more beautiful song")
Se Superlatiwe Loude
A predicate form of the superlative is actually a prepositional phrase. One attaches the suffixes -ist /-st.
skuenist ("the most beautiful")
Ik finç zis gard skuenist. ("I find this house (to be) the most beautiful.")
The attributive superlative form adds the "-ist /-st" to the comparative root and then the conventional adjective ending.
se skueniste gard
This form can also be placed in a predicate position with the appropriate adjective ending:
Zis gard ist se skueniste. ("This house is the most beautiful.") ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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