Vandalon Loanwords
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Why some words of Greek/Latin origin do find their way into Vandalon
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 2 Dec 2024, 06:39.
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2. Case in Vandalon
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3. Du Hobbite 1.1
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5. Vandalon Loanwords
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6. Vandalon Number
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Vandalon LoanwordsAt the very early stage, I decided to avoid borrowing words of Greek and Latin origin into
Vandalon. I figured, it'd be too simple otherwise. Sources of inspiration here were languages like Czech, Finnish and Icelandic - and to lesser extent Russian as well as German and French themselves - which went great lengths at creating native neologisms for such words.This is the reason why the current version of
Vandalon is much more suited for something more medieval than modern - it's always a pain to fancy a word for something like 'oxygen' or 'radio'.Anyways, the prohibition does not spread onto those Greek and Latin words, that themselves (possibly) are loans from Pre-Indo-European languages. The rationale here is - it's just fun. I further back it up in my (still extremely vague) conworld by assuming that Pre-Indo-European cultures managed to withstand the Indo-European cultural onslaught, so it were Minoan rather than Greek speaking colonists repelling the Etruscan rather than Latin-speaking invasion of predominantly Shekelet-speaking Sicilia in the Antiquity.
I remain extremely reluctant to borrowing from other Indo-European languages, like Celtic, Baltic, Slavic or even Iranian. The reason is that I have no clue how Celtic languages work, while Baltic and Slavic were way too much influenced by the Germanic. No conworld backing for that behaviour as of now, though. I do have a number of Semitic and even a few Turkic words - the idea here being that the forebearers of
Vandalon used to live as nomads in what is now Ukraine steppes, just like Visigoths did, and borrowed a bit of nomadic terms.For reasons I can't quite understand myself, I try to avoid words borrowed from Native American languages.
Below is an incomplete list of
Vandalon loanwords. If not explicitly stated, each word is identical in spelling and meaning to its French counterpart.araignée [a.ʁɛ.ɲe] ~ Gk ἀράχνη, PrGk.
autumne [o.tɔn] - autumn, fall, ~ L autumnus, possibly from Etr 𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌍𐌄 (atume), though opposite direction is also proposed; cf. F automne.
barge [baʁʒ] - barge, ~ Late L barca ← Gk βᾶρις /ˈβa.ris/ ← Eg bꜣjr; cf. F barge.
barque [baʁk] - small boat, s. barge; cf. F barque.
baudrier [bɔ.dʁi.je(.ʁ)] - sword belt, baldric; via PG *baltijaz ~ L balteus ← Etr 𐌁𐌀𐌋𐌕𐌄𐌀 (baltea); cf. French baudrier.
bésicles [be.zikl] - glasses, spectacles, via. beryl, which is of Dravidian origin.
bête [bet] - beast, ~ L bestia, uncertain; cf. F bête.
boîte [bwat] - ~ Gk πυξίς /pykˈsis/, of substrate origin, cf. cf. F boîte.
brilliant [bʁi.jɑ̃(.t)] - brilliant
carte [kɑʁt] - card, chart, map; ~ Gk χάρτης /ˈxar.tis/ presumably Sem; cf. F carte.
carton [kɑʁ.tɔ̃(.n)] - cardboard, cartoon see carte; cf. French carton.
chameau MMasculine gender (gender)
masculine or male [ʃa.mo] / chamelle FFeminine gender (gender)
feminine or female [ʃa.mɛl] - camel ← Proto-(West)-Semitic *gamal-; cf. F chameau / chamelle.
chanvre [ʃɑ̃vʁ] - hemp, ~ Gk κάνναβις, perhaps Scythian or Thracian.
charte [ʃaʁt] - charter; see carte; cf. French charte.
chemin - road, ~ Vulgar Latin camminus ← Gaulish *kamman ← PCelt *kanxsman
cheminée [ʃə.mi.ne] - chimney, ~ Gk κάμῑνος, of unknown origin with possible relation to Proto-Slavic *kamy: 'stone'; cf. F cheminée
cerise [sə.ʁiz] - cherry fruit, ~ Gk κέρᾰσος /ce.raˈsos/, of Anatolian origin; cf. F cerise
cigale [si.gal] - cicada, ~ L cicada, perhaps of substrate origin, ultimately onomatopoetic; cf. F cigale.
cigare [si.gaʁ] - cigar, perhaps form cigale, or Yukatek siyar "smoke tobacco leaves"; cf. F cigare.
crayon [kʁɛˈjɔ̃(.n)] - pencil, ~ L creta, uo.
denier [də.nje] - money. While denier by extension may mean money in modern F, it is given a fictitious Turkic origin, cf. Old-Turkic teŋe- - 'compare, measure', Kazakh national currency теңге (teñge), Turkish 'denge' - 'measure, balance', Russuan 'деньги' /deñgi/ - 'money'.
diamant [dja.mɑ̃(.t)] - diamond, Wanderwort? cf. Gk ἀδάμας id., Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (adamu) - red, important, amber?;
électricité [e.lɛk.tʁi.si.te] - electricity, ~ Gk ἠλέκτωρ, uncertain.
élément [e.le.mɑ̃] - element, L elementum, probably of Semitic origin.
éléphant [e.le.fɑ̃] - elephant, unknown with (possible) cognates in Hittite, Egyptian, Berber, Sanskrit and Mycenaean Greek.
émeraude [e.me.ʁod] - emerald
éponge [e.pɔ̃ʒ] - sponge, ~ Gk σπόγγος, of Pontic substrate, with cognates in various languages around Mediterranean and Black Seas.
femme [fam] - woman.
fenêtre [fe.netʁ] - window, L fenestra, Etr.
fer [fɛʁ] - iron, L ferrum, uo, Sem via Etr?
fiole [fjol] - vial, ~ Ancient Greek φιάλη, which is of substrate origin.
fonge [fɔ̃ʒ] - mushroom, fungus, id. in Middle F, from L fungus ~ Gk σφόγγος, see éponge
géant [ʒe.ɑ̃(.t)] ~ Gk Γίγᾱς, PrGk.
huile [ɥil] - oil, cf. Gk *ἐλαίϝα, possibly IE, likely PrGk.
harpon [aʁˈpɔ̃(.n)] - harpoon, cf. Gk ἁρπάγη, PrGk?
ivoire [i.wvaʁ] - ivory, Eg ꜣbw - 'elephant'
lézard [le.zaʁ(.d)] - lizard, ~ L lacertus, uo.
lion [ljɔ̃(.n)] - lion, ~ Greek λέων, either Sem cf. PSem *labiʾ- or common substrate.
litre [litʁ] - litre, medium measure of volume, Gk λίτρα, MSub (Sicilian?).
livre [livʁ] - pound, medium measure of weight, L libra, see litre.
machine [ma.ʃin] - machine, ~ Gk μηχανή, Doric μᾱχᾰνᾱ́, PrGk?.
marché [maʁ.ʃe] - market, L merx, Etr?; cf. Mercurius, with several proposed IE reconstructions.
métal [me.tal] - metal, ~ Gk μέταλλον, PrGk.
nappe [nap] - tablecloth, ~ L mappa, ← Sem.
natte [nat] - plait, mat, ~ L matta ← Sem.
océan [ɔ.se.ɑ̃(.n)] - ocean; cf. Gk Ὠκεανός, PrGk origin
papier [pa.pje] - paper, ~ Gk πᾰ́πῡρος ← Eg, perhaps p3-n-pr-ˁ3 - 'of the Pharaoh'
peuple [pœpl] - people, population; via L populus ← Etr.
personne [pɛʁ.sɔn] - person, ~ L persona ← Etr.
pierre [pjɛʁ] - stone, rock, ~ Gk πέτρα, uo.
poêle [pwal], [pwɑl],[pwɛl] - frying pan, ultimately from Gk πᾰτᾰ́νη, PrGk.
poire [pwaʁ] - pear; L pirum, MSub.
poivre [ˈpwavʁ] - from Skt. पिप्पलि (cf. Gk πέπερι) of Drawidian(?) origin.
pomme [pɔm] - fruit, apple; ~ L pomum,
Querwegian) , so this is a rare case of Italic substrate in Vandalon; cf. F pomme.prune [pʁyn] - plum, ~ Gk προῦμνον, AM.
raisin [ʁɛ.zɛ̃(.n)] - raisin, of substrate origin(?), cf. racemus, ῥάξ /raks/, رز /raz/; cf. French raisin
siréne [si.ʁɛn] - siren, ~ Gk Σειρήν, PrGk?.
socque [sɔk] - clog (wooden shoe), ~ L soccus, Gk σύκχος, cf. E sock, from Asia Minor substrate.
souvache [su.vaʃ] - crocodile. A
Vandalon neologism, not identical with F crocodile, from Eg sbk - crocodile, cf. L -suchustitre [titʁ] - title, L titulis, Etr?.
tombe [tɔ̃b] - tomb, cf. Gk τύμβος, of uncertain origin.
torgue [tɔʁg] - trade. A
Vandalon neologism, cf. Proto-Slavic tъrgъ, which is of uncertain origin. tortue [tɔʁ.ty] - turtle; ultimately from Gk Τάρταρος, uo.
tour [tuʁ] - tower, ~ Gk τύρρις, uo.
vin [vɛ̃(.n)] - wine, ~ Gk ὑιήν, apparently substrate.
AM - Asia Minor
F - French
E - English
Eg - Egyptian
Etr - Etruscan
(P)IE - (Proto-)Indo-European
Gk - Ancient Greek
MSub - Mediterranean Substrate
L - Latin
PIt - Proto-Italic
PrGk - Pre-Greek
Sem - Semitic
Skt - Sanskrit
uo - unknown origin ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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