@[Deactivated User] Yes it is, thank you! (Although I'll be giving the whole case system a makeover soon and I'm not sure if I'm even going to keep that case)
Thuun cases
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Also examples
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 10 Nov 2018, 06:56.
[comments] uo1nouncase
4. Kuoggvi Script
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6. Thuun cases
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Nouns in Thuun inflect for a number of cases, many of which can roughly correspond to common adpositions in English. All cases are suffixes and are affected by vowel harmony, so "syksi" + "-as" becomes "syksäs". Thuun is mostly agglutinative, but but case and number are fused. Here's the basic structure:
In the rest of this article are tables showing the forms for Thuun's 30 standard cases, along with examples of some different ways to use them.
Grammatical Cases
Case | SGSingular (number) one countable entity | PLPlural (number) more than one/few | Usage examples | |
---|---|---|---|---|
NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument | Ø | the owl saw the fish (sg) the owls saw the fish (sg) you are frozen they are reindeer one woman | ylty juuonne jëlnië ylty juuolle jëlnië mun yölkööt lëllë suoksi ym muo | |
ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient | it / at / ie / Vt | et / iet / anun / annun / atun / attun | the owl saw the fish (sg) the owl saw the fish (pl) I want to eat the cake | ylty juuonne jëlnië ylty juuonne jëlnänyn kuulmiem täënëät |
PTVPartitive (number) 'some of' or for mass nouns | ia / aa / (VV) / ta | I want to eat some cake two women Tompin likes the purple flower made of gravel | kuulmiem täënëë näi muota Tompin mëämën ysit lalaa tiëskää maaemen | |
DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location | etna | annen, ulla | I’ll outrun these cats the cat has some milk stronger than a bear | jaakim yöt illuannen illuetna joumuu mylpys köölëtnä |
GENGenitive (case) possessive | an | unna / lun | the bottom of the hill some of the people a friend’s house we’re close to the lake | määmyän mämpin ylynnä juoli möymän opnan miënipä jallan |
ESSEssive (case) 'as, similar' | ipsi | insi / opsi | you can use the rocks as chairs when I was a child ... as tall as me (exactly) | nyyömöit isoanun tumpainsi tyäpsi min ... paisi mipsi |
SEMSemblative (case) 'like, similar to' | apmi | ammen | the huskies howl like wolves taller than me as tall as me (but not exactly) | jaalammen liëkki jouulielle paisus mäpmi paisi mäpmi |
BENBenefactive (case) recipient of benefit | mais / main | ilmes / ilmee | Maamis made a house for crows are your cookies for eating ? | Maamis maanne opit kukkuilmee kuulalmaiskuulle litmym ? |
COMComitative (case) 'together with' | taa | alta / altaa | I’ll stay with my friends talk with me | möymältäämim sääpim laita mimpää |
ABEAbessive (case) without | ikki | ilkee | you ran without a bag | ukkoikki jaaitte |
INSTRInstrumental (case) 'with' 'using' / INSCInstructive (case) by means of | ot / uot | ellot / illot | I went to my house by hovercraft Lainu ate with a spoon sat on by a cat are you afraid of octopuses ? | opaalkimme noinpëkkyöt Lainu kuulenne ylpääjöt ëmpëmën illujot konellot ööyökyyt ? |
TRANSLTranslative (case) becoming | ieksi / eksi | iemmat / emmat | they turn into trolls what is that word in Thuun ? | maalelle moumuemmat mai yökyyjön moamaa Tuumeksi ? |
CAUCausal (case) 'because (of)' | ouksi | ummat | I’m late due to the weather | yytöyksi näälimmyt |
REFReferential (case) about, regarding, on the topic of | ispa / aasi | appo / aaspa | I’m thinking about food wait for them regarding the soups ... you’re good at skiing | jyyöm kuulispa juku läppö tömsöäppö ... öppälit yynälääsi |
Abstract locative cases
Case | SGSingular (number) one countable entity | PLPlural (number) more than one/few | Usage examples | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LOCLocative (case) 'in, on, at' etc | ale / ila | alle | I walk at the lake I will walk tomorrow between the rivers talk to me | jallaila kielim sualnale kielim joalun uempale laita mälë |
LATLative (case) movement, towards | aalka / alka | aansi / ansi | I walk to the lake they called to the people to the moon | kielim jallaalka yöttëlmë yläänsi kuolmuulka |
ABLAblative (case) away from | inen | ilen | I walk from the lake since yesterday ... made of rocks written by me Niin is from Uvanga I’m freezing due to the weather we start tomorrow quit raining ! | kielim jallainen taimpainen ... äiköilën maaemen minën seilemen Niin mëiën Umampainen yyinën yölköm sualnainen siëmipä äët innöilën ! |
PROLProlative (case) by way of, through | isen | ikun / ikuon | I walk by the lake I walk past the lake I’ll wait while you ski | jallaisen kielim kielim jallaisen yynäläisënmym jukum |
Internal locative cases
Case | SGSingular (number) one countable entity | PLPlural (number) more than one/few | Usage examples | |
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INEInessive (case) 'inside' | as | illes / ies | I swim in the lake I will walk (sometime during) tomorrow Muttali lives in Juhashka between my teeth you’re always on my mind you’re good at skiing can they speak Thuun ? | jallas jööllim sualnas kielim Juaskas Muttali kalien jillänmim uempies naasalit sylläsmim öppälit yynäläs siitmöikyyllë Tuumas ? |
ILLIllative (case) 'into' | assi | iessi | I jump into the lake | yipänim jallassi |
ELAElative (case) 'out of, from' | inem | ilem | I jump out of the lake we’re outside of the house | yipänim jallainem opainem mëpi |
PERPerlative (case) 'through, along' | isem | ikum / ikuom | I swim through the lake I’ll wait (sometime) while you ski | jööllim jallaisem yynäläisëmmym jukum |
External locative cases (top)
Case | SGSingular (number) one countable entity | PLPlural (number) more than one/few | Usage examples | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SUPESuperessive (case) 'on top of' | itta | ilta | I walk on the hill they were lying on my legs they lay on my legs I have a coat on | määmyittä kielim iyppäiltiim yyllëlmë yyllëlmë iyppäiltiim mittä syksön |
ALLAllative (case) 'to, onto' | ittas | iltas | I walk onto the hill I’ll walk sometime between now and tomorrow by when will it be done ? | kielim määmyittäs sualnaittas kielim oikittas tyylëmkyyn ? |
DELDelative (case) 'off of' | inet | ilet | I walked off the hill I took off my clothes | kielim määmyinët tyylimmë opmeemim minët |
PROSProsecutive (case) 'across, along' | iset | inset | I swim across the lake There’s a bear across the river | jööllim jallaiset joaset köölötäin |
External locative cases (side)
Case | SGSingular (number) one countable entity | PLPlural (number) more than one/few | Usage examples | |
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OPPOppositive (case) contrariety, opposite, against | ilna / itna | ipan / ileen | I bumped into a tree I walk beside the lake you’re leaning on me | pëyppimmë mienilna jallailna kielim täämää milnä sööt |
TERMTerminative (case) 'up to [this point]' / USQLUsquelative (case) 'until', 'up to' | ilnas / ulaa | ipaas / leala | I walk as far as the lake (up to the lake) I walk until tomorrow | kielim jallailnas kielim sualnailnas |
EGREEgressive (case) '(starting) from' | imet | ilmet | I walk away from the tree (starting from the tree) I will walk starting tomorrow since when was it done ? | kielim mienimet kielim sualnaimet mäinnäimët tyylëmkyynnë ? |
VIAVialis (case) route, manner [along] | imes / uma | iku / ikuo | I walk along the lake follow (the path of) the rivers blood ran down my leg | kielim jallaimes mylmy joaku jella tominne iyppäymmim |
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