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PTD agreement
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what a pushover
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 5 Jan 2017, 13:40.

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Menu 1. Articles & demonstratives 2. Possessives 3. this is what the article was, it was about prepositions but i didn't like them so i'm making it into this, ignore past this point, i'm only leaving them so i can salvage the ones i like 4. Spatial prepositions

Agreement in  Proto-Tannan-Dohric is a strange topic. Diachronically speaking, Proto-Tannan-Dohric's agreement derives from a series of volition auxiliaries that themselves had a certain amount of agreement, which fused with the determiners. Only determiners and prepositions agree in Proto-Tannan-Dohric, but what they agree with varies greatly by the word in question.

[edit] [top]Articles & demonstratives

Articles carry a large amount of information in Proto-Tannan-Dohric. Depending on the specific article, they can agree with number, animacy, and gender. They also have some phonetic effects on the words they precede.

ØINSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using'
BENBenefactive (case)
recipient of benefit
1st declension2nd declensionANAnimate (gender/class)
alive, moving
2
INInanimate (gender/class)
for non-living things
1
INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
[pý]
pyýx[pyý̯]
píet[píe̯t]
DEFDefinite
"the"
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
úyg[úy̯g]
uy i-[uy̯ i] 2
níit[níi̯t]
ygít[yˈgít]
INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
hao[hɐɔ̯]
híag[híɐ̯g] 3
ha i-[hɐ i] 2
háit[hɐ́i̯t]
DEFDefinite
"the"
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
gúl[gúl]
gúug[gúu̯g] 3
gu i-[gu i] 2
nuúg[nuú̯g] 3
gúít[gúí̯t]
1 animate and inanimate are very loose guidelines, corresponding roughly to the volition categories used in the agreement of possessives. At any rate, the terms only appear here are are largely up to personal interpretation; different people will use different animacies for the same words, though some words are of little contest.
2 the i- prefix here triggers lenition of initial consonants, and some other changes to vowels, a process referred to as h-mutation.
3 {k, g} are degraded to x at the start of words; clusters containing {k, g} are reduced as follows: {kt, gd} → st, {k, g}{m, n, l, j} → h{m, n, l, j}; {i, í, j} in the initial syllable are backed to u; high tone on the first syllable shifts to the second, if the second is already non-high, otherwise it is just lost. E.g. gúug káji → gúug xají, gúug úináhla → gúug uunáhla


example[eɐ̯.mp.le] example example example[eɐ̯.mp.le] example example example[eɐ̯.mp.le] example example
In contrast to literally every other thing in this language, the demonstratives are fucking ez af lmao
SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
DEFDefinite
"the"
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
1st declension2nd declension1st declension2nd declension
PROXProximal (proximity)
close to speaker
lúga[ˈlú.gɐ]
hao lúga[hɐɔ̯ ˈlú.gɐ]
híag lúga[híɐ̯g ˈlú.gɐ]
gúl lúga[gúl ˈlú.gɐ]
gúug lúga[gúu̯g ˈlú.gɐ]
DISTDistal (proximity)
far from speaker (and addressee)
gíaj[gíɐ̯j]
hao gíaj[hɐɔ̯ gíɐ̯j]
híag gíaj[híɐ̯g gíɐ̯j]
gúl gíaj[gúl gíɐ̯j]
gúug gíaj[gúu̯g gíɐ̯j]
example[eɐ̯.mp.le] example example example[eɐ̯.mp.le] example example example[eɐ̯.mp.le] example example
[edit] [top]Possessives
aaaaaaaaaaaaaa
[edit] [top]this is what the article was, it was about prepositions but i didn't like them so i'm making it into this, ignore past this point, i'm only leaving them so i can salvage the ones i like
PAST THIS POINT IS OUT OF DATE
 Proto-Tannan-Dohric features a large range of prepositions which combine in a number of potentially confusing ways. They are detailed here.
[edit] [top]Spatial prepositions
The largest class of prepositions in Proto-Tannan-Dohric is the spatial prepositions. They are presented here in a table, with usage notes beneath.
AboveOn the level ofBelow
LeftCentralRightLeftCentralRightLeftCentralRight
In front of aíjgut[ˈɐí̯j.gut]hetgjut[ˈhet.gjut]ángut[ˈɐ́.ŋgut] In front of aíjet[ˈɐí̯.jet]het[het]ánet[ˈɐ́.net] In front of aíjao[ˈɐí̯.jɐɔ̯]helao[ˈhe.lɐɔ̯]ánlao[ˈɐ́n.lɐɔ̯]
Beside gjut[gjut] Beside aýp[ɐý̯p]da[dɐ]eán[eɐ̯́n] Beside lao[lɐɔ̯]
Behind aíjysjut[ˈɐí̯.jy.sjut]gysjut[ˈgy.sjut]ánysjut[ˈɐ́.ny.sjut] Behind ýpys[ˈý.pys]gys[gys]ánys[ˈɐ́.nys] Behind gyslao[ˈgy.slɐɔ̯]
The basic 7 prepositions are highlighted yellow, the others being combinations of those, coming to a total of 23 prepositions. When used with verbs of motion, prepositions must be preceded by i[i].
hoxí i het húju[hɔí̯ i het ˈhú.ju] go to in_front_of 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
Stand in front of me.
The central ones (the center cell of each section) can be used as a general term for that height.
ahú-súi i da húju[ɐˈhú.súi̯ i dɐ ˈhú.ju] COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate
.GERGerund
verbal noun
-TRANSLTranslative (case)
becoming
to on_the_level_of 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
Get on my level.
Any preposition can also be made further away ("intensified") by placing á[ɐ́] before it.
júja gúl luim á gjut úyg mítái[ˈjú.jɐ gúl lui̯m ɐ́ gjut úy̯g míˈtɐ́i̯] fly PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.DEFDefinite
"the"
bird AUGAugmentative
a bigger, greater, stronger etc. version
above DEFDefinite
"the"
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
ground The birds fly high over the earth. yl húju i á het[yl ˈhú.ju i ɐ́ het] run 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
to AUGAugmentative
a bigger, greater, stronger etc. version
away I ran far away.
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