Noun Form
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Description of the noun forms in Bulgrojma
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 25 Dec 2015, 06:58.
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Bulgrojma not only declines nouns into 6 cases, but there are 6 forms of each possible declension due to noun forms. Nouns can (and must) still decline to every case while they are in another form (except the Lower Form, in general), which leads to a lot of possible forms for every individual noun.
Noun form is changed when the way it relates to other ideas in the sentence changes. This is mostly used in literature, but it is not uncommon to be found in speech. There are 6 noun forms: Normal Form, General Form, Relative Form, Proper Form, Modification Form, and Lower Form. The General, Relative, Proper, and Modification are generally referred to as "Higher Noun Forms" (HNF A, B, C, and D, respectively). Each form is used for a different purpose in Bulgrojma, most of which will be covered in this article. Let's first look at the possible forms of the noun "Rissik" (a city in Beyjur).
Normal: Рисик
General: Рий Ксик
Relative: Риљ Кис
Proper: Сиљқь Рий
Modification: Риский
Lower: Рий Скис
Note that dictionaries will either give the noun's Normal or Proper form (older dictionaries written for the formal register, which is no longer in common use, will often give the Proper Form as the primary).
Normal Form
Normal form carries no specific connotations with it. You may use normal form on every noun when speaking/writing and everything would make perfect sense. However, if you do not use higher/lower forms, it will be very evident that you are not a native speaker.
General Form
The use of the General Form is the most convoluted of all. Like the Relative Form, the General Form covers relationships between nouns. Unlike the the Relative Form, the relationships between nouns and other parts of the sentence are less tangible. There are many uses for it, but some are more nuanced. Here, we will cover three main uses for the General Form:
Inferences
The Lower Form can also be used in this manner, but that typically implies that you are trying to be vague. When making inferences (typically Єщоқь will be used with the verb), it is best to use the General Form with nouns. Here is an example using the sentence "Alexander left":
Аликсандр реқнал - Certain or pretty sure (no specific connotation other than the statement of fact)
Аликсандр буў реқнал - You heard/believe it was Alexander that left, but it could be someone else.
Аликсандр реқнал єщоқь - You heard/believe that Alexander left
Аликсандр буў реқнал єщоқь You heard/believe that it was Alexander and you heard/believe that he left
Note the last example is not very commonly used.
Relations to Ideas
Another big use of the General Form is connecting nouns to other ideas. It can be extremely contextual and non-specific, which makes it difficult to use/interpret. People tend to mix words together when doing this, which can make it confusing. Here is an example:
Свейнак рашядоу - I drink alcohol
Лонёсі - Sorrows, Лоў конёц - Sorrows/HNFA
Свейнак раў кщаду - I drink alcohol - This implies there is something deeper
Свейнак лоў рашядоу конуц - I drink alcohol - This connects alcohol to the idea of sadness
Note that it can be very difficult to translate this because it doesn't change the sentence's literal meaning, and it is difficult to accurately describe succinctly in English.
Word Importance
The General Form can also be used in place of how we stress various words in the sentence to change its meaning (or what is implied in the sentence), but typically the same is done in Bulgrojma with stress. The word that you want to be stressed can also be put into the General Form. It is similar to the previous examples.
Relative Form
The Relative Form is like the General Form in that it handles relationships between nouns, but it handles tangible relationships. Here is an example of where the relative form would be used:
You are important to me - Here, the to me would be put in the relative form, as it is being connected to the subject you. An example in Bulgrojma:
Булгройма кишқьнав вањкит просоју миз саїй кјє тиљ зьес - Bulgrojma has many features from older languages.
Bulgrojma have.PRES/3S many.FEM.ACC feature.ACC/PL from older/LF language/REL.PREP
Here, we put other in its lower form because it is modifying a non-normal form noun (here, languages), and we put languages in the relative form because we want to specify that we are connecting the languages to the features.
Proper Form
The Proper Form is very simple–it is used in the Formal Register (which has largely fallen out of place and been replaced with the Polite Register), and it is also commonly used on Proper Nouns (e.g. the names of cities or countries) or when it is a noun that is not proper in and of itself, but in the specific context it is. For example:
Кріјацак, meaning "police"
Каљац Крий, referring to the police force of a specific place. Here, you could also use the Modification form with the place's name.
Modification Form
The Modification Form is used on a noun when it is being modified by either:
a) a proper noun
b) another noun (which is being used as an adjective in this case)
The second option is less common now, but it is still completely okay to use and sounds natural. Here is an example of how the Modification Form is used:
Рисик + Кріјацак = Рисик Кріјацкаў - The Rissik Police - This is kind of a two-in-one, as Рисик is a noun and an adjective
Сприёк + Гаљаск = Сприёк Гаљскаў - The language of the city/The city language - This uses the noun city as an adjective, and so language must be put into the modification form.
The Lower Form
The Lower Form is used in Bulgrojma when the speaker wants to add a form of vagueness to what is being said. Here is an example:
Ма Рисиґис -> Ма Рий Скезь - In Rissik becomes In the vicinity of Rissik/Around Rissik
Домбра -> Домоў Брас - Girlfriend (dating) becomes Girlfriend (friend or dating)
It's most commonly used with numbers and time:
Твах -> Таў Вкас - Two becomes About two ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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