Noun cases
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An explanation of the case system of Oswegian, with examples.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 27 Sep 2020, 17:20.
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1. Noun cases
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
The Oswegian language is a Split-S language, which means that the single argument of an intransitive verb behaves either like the subject or the object of a transitive verb, governed by the verb in question. Essentially, some intransitive verbs (active verbs) have a nominative alignment, and others (passive verbs) have an ergative alignment. Because active verbs are much more common, the cases are normally called nominative-accusative.
The nominative case is used for the subject of any transitive verb such as vröfí (see). It is also used as the subject of active intransitive verbs, such as vekí (go). The nominative is unmarked, and is the form listed in dictionaries.
Examples
- Intransitive verb: "The boy ran" - Ŕofat túfene
- Transitive verb: "The dog bit the man"- Lütat hofe cotke
The accusative case is used for the direct object of any transitive verb such as vröfí (see). It is also used as the subject of passive intransitive verbs, such as hauí (die).
The accusative ends in -s for nouns in the first declension (the vast majority of them). It ends in -en for second declension nouns and -e for third declension ones.
Examples
- Intransitive verb, first declension: "Some wood is burning" - Keśaks huşana
- Transitive verb, second declension: "I have a book" - Sëpa tenden
- Transitive verb, third declension: "The dog bit the man" - Lütat hofe cotke
The dative case is used as the indirect object of many transitive verbs such as oksí (give). It ends in -ó for all nouns.
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