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morphology of Egeriac
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 20 Feb 2022, 23:12.
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1. Egeriac people
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2. Egeriac Script
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?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
triliteral:
- infinitive: CCiC
- present: CoCiC
- past: CaCaC
- future: CCoCna
- subjunctive: CoCCa
- optative: CoCCov
- imperative: CeCiC
triliteral - w-root:
- infinitive: CuC(CouC or CiC in some dialects)
- present: CuC
- past: CawC
- imperative: CuC(CouC or CiC in some dialects)
triliteral - y-root:
- infinitive: CeiC
- present: CiC
- past: CayC
- imperative: CeiC
triliteral - secondary w-root:
- infinitive: CCu
- present: CCu
- past: CaCu
triliteral - secondary y-root:
- infinitive: CCi
- present: CCi
- past: CaCei
- imperative: CeCi
triliteral - geminative second letter:
- infinitive: CiCCaC
- present: CoCCeC
- past: CoCCaC
- future: CiCCoCna
- subjunctive: CuCCoCa(with the final consonant of the root being geminated)
- optative: CuCCeCov(with the final consonant of the root being geminated)
- imperative: CiCCiC
quadrilieral:
general pattern for derivations of words with triliteral roots(quadriliteral I):
- infinitive: CiCCeC
- present: CoCCeC
- past: CoCCaC
- future: CiCCoCna
- subjunctive: CuCCoCa(with the final consonant of the root being geminated)
- optative: CuCCeCov(with the final consonant of the root being geminated)
- imperative: CiCCiC
biliteral:
- infinitive: CaC
- present: CeC
- past: CaC
- future: CaCna
- subjunctive: CoCa(with the final consonant of the root being geminated)
- optative: CoCov(with the final consonant of the root being geminated)
- imperative: CeC
irregular verbs:
conjugations of daz "to be":
- infinitive: daz
- present: (none, independent pronouns are used)
- past:
-- 1st sg: dan
-- 2nd sg: dam
-- 3rd sg: da
-- 1st pl: danet
-- 2nd pl: damet
-- 3rd pl: dat
- future: dna
- subjunctive: doza
- imperative: (none, the imperative form of dag "to become" is used)
----
verbal agreements:
subject:
- 1st sg: -ath/-th
- 2nd sg: -av/-v
- 3rd sg: -i/-ch
- 1st pl: -nen
- 2nd pl: -men
- 3rd pl: -on
object:
- 1st sg: -ni
- 2nd sg: -mi
- 3rd sg: -Ø
- 1st pl: -neth
- 2nd pl: -meth
- 3rd pl: -eth
- reflexive: da-
broken plural:
pattern CeCeC, CoCeC
- singular: CeCeC, CoCeC
- plural: C(i)CaCoth(with the final consonant being geminated)
- construct singular: CeCCi
- construct plural: C(i)CiCti
pattern CoCeC, collective-singulative:
- collective: CoCeC
- singulative: CoCCi(for non-sentients and inanimates)/CoCCu(for sentiets)
- construct: CoCCi(for non-sentients and inanimates)/CoCCu(for sentiets)
- construct singulative: CoCCini(for non-sentients and inanimates)/CoCCuni(for sentiets)
pattern CVwC
- singular: CuC(CouC in some dialects)
- plural: CawCoth(with the final consonant being geminated)
- construct singular: CuCi(with the final consonant being geminated)
- construct plural: CawCti
pattern CVyC
- singular: CeiC
- plural: CayCoth(with the final consonant being geminated)
- construct singular: CeiCi(with the final consonant being geminated)
- construct plural: CayCti
pattern CaCaC:
- singular: CaCaC
- plural: CCaCoth/CaCoth(if the third consonant is t(h))
- construct singular: CCaCi
- plural: CCaCti/CCasti(if the third consonant is t(h))
--------
example of broken plural:
declension of nochel "bed"(root n-k-l):
- singular: nochel
- plural: nichaloth
- construct singular: nochli
- construct plural: nichalti
declension of zonech "needle"(root z-n-k):
- singular: zonech
- plural: znakoth
- construct singular: zonki
- construct plural: znachti
declension of num "house"(root n-w-m):
- singular: num
- plural: nawmoth
- construct singular: nummi
- construct plural: nawmti
declension of keil "sheet, bill"(root k-y-l):
- singular: keil
- plural: kayloth
- construct singular: keili
- construct plural: kaylti
declension of ghoth "fish":
- collective: ghoth
- singulative: ghoti
- construct: ghoti
- construct singulative: ghotini
declension of dodev "rock":
- collective: dodev
- singulative: dodvi
- construct: dodvi
- construct singulative: dodvini
declension of tzomed "army, soldier":
- collective: tzomed
- singulative: tzomdu
- construct: tzomdu
- construct singulative: tzomduni
--------
sound plural:
- plural: -oth(with the final consonant being geminated)/(replaces the final -et(h), -at(h) and -a with -ot(h), -it(h) and -ut(h) with -iyot(h) and -uyot(h) respectively if the stem ends in -t(h))
- construct singular: -i(with the final consonant being geminated)(replaces the final -a with -i)
- construct plural: -ti(replaces the final -th of the stem with -t)
When the result word may have three vowels, the first vowel are often dropped.
collective-singulative, sound declension:
- collective: -
- singulative: -i/-u
- constructive: -i
- constructive singulative: -ini/-uni
--------
example of sound plural:
declension of dov "stone":
- singular: dov
- plural: dobboth
- construct singular: dobbi
- construct plural: dovti
declension of ghoth "fish":
- singular: ghoth
- plural: ghototh
- construct singular: ghoti
- construct plural: ghati
declension of xtur "building":
- singular: xtur
- plural: xturroth
- construct singular: xturri
- construct plural: xturti
declension of mazbeth "airplane":
- singular: mazbeth
- plural: mazboth
- construct singular: mazbeti
- construct plural: mazboti
declension of dixith "distance":
- singular: dixith
- plural: dxiyoth
- construct singular: dxiti
- construct plural: dxiyoti
declension of meneth "moon, month":
- singular: meneth
- plural: menoth
- construct singular: meneti
- construct plural: menoti
declension of nochraba "bank":
- singular: nochraba
- plural: nochraboth
- construct singular: nochrabi
- construct plural: nochraboti
declension of stoma "maize":
- collective: stoma
- singulative: stomi
- construct: stomi
- construct singulative: stomini
--------
possessive suffix(suffixed after a noun in the construct form):
- 1st sg: -n
- 2nd sg: -m
- 3rd sg: -ch
- 1st pl: -neth
- 2nd pl: -meth
- 3rd pl: -heth
----------------
- singular: CoCoC /CuC(CouC in some dialects)(for CVwC roots)/CiC(for CVyC roots)/-
- plural: CCoCot/CowCot(pronounced as CuCot)(for CVwC roots)/CoyCot(pronounced as CiCot)(for CVyC roots)/-ot
- adverbial: CCoC/CuC(CouC in some dialects)(for CVwC roots)/CiC(for CVyC roots)
- comparative/superlative:
-- singular: eCCuC
-- plural: eCCuCoth
- superlative:
-- singular: heCCuC
-- plural: heCCuCoth
the superlative is actually a derivation of the comparative/superlative by adding the definite article he-/h- to the initial of the adjective.
----------------
Reduplication is a productive process in Egeriac, it is used to derive new words with certain meanings.
Full reduplication has the following functions:
When used on adjectives, reduplication can indicate emphasis. For example:
- gin "fast"
- gin-gin "very fast"
- zovol "big"
- zovol-zovol "very big"
Full reduplication can also be used to mean "one by one", "every", etc. when used on nouns. For example:
- ox "day"
- ox-ox "everyday, day by day"
- an "person"
- an-an "everyone, all persons, each person, all sapient beings"
Partial reduplication has the following functions:
Partial reduplication is used to create a diminutive: by reduplicating the last two consonants and changing the vowel pattern:
- temed "island"
- tmadmad "islet"
- tzof "bird"
- tzapaf "small bird, birdie"
- qen "dog"
- qannan "puppy"
Full and partial reduplication is also used to create secondary derivative verbs: by reduplicating the root or part of it and changing the vowel pattern, the meaning of quadriliteral verbs created by reduplication may carry a frequentative or repetitive sense:
- gan "to go"
- gingen "to wander", to roam"
- ktiz "to carry"
- kitzez "to carry back and forth"
- qen "dog"
- qinqen "to brownnose, suck up"
noun-forming:
- agent/instrument: maCCeC /maCuC (maCouC in some dialects)(for CVwC roots)/maCeiC (for CVyC roots)/maCCu(for secondary w-roots)/maCCei(for secondary y-roots)/maCaCCeC/ma-
- agent: CoCiC/CiC(for CVyC roots)/CuC(for CVwC roots)/CoCCeC
- patient: CaCiC/CaCCeC
- person: -ar/CCaCar
- (old instrument: -ol/CaCCol/CiCCeCol(for quadriliteral and geminated triliteral roots))
- abstract/collective/location(-ery/-age/-ness/-ity): noCCaC/noCawC(for CVwC roots)/noCayC(for CVyC roots)/noCCaw(for secondary w-roots)/noCCay(for secondary y-roots)/noCCaCa(the last conosonant is geminated)/noCaCCaC(for quadriliteral roots)/noCaCCaCa(for quadriliteral roots, the last conosonant is geminated)/no-(the noCCaC form tends to indicate "a place for doing the activity indicated by the root"; the noCCaCa form tends to indicate "a place for a noun associated with the root" or "the collection of nouns associated with the root")
- abstract/system/disease/disaster: CCoCith/-ith/CeCuC/CeCCoC
- collective: CoCeC/CCoCa/CoCCoC/-a
- action/result/fruit: CCiCan/-an
- abstract(-ness)/religion/ideology(-ism)/place/location: -ath/CoCCath/CaCoC/CaCCoC
- action/result: daCCoC/daCiCCoC(for quadriliteral and geminated triliteral roots)/da-
- abstract/things derived from the result of an action/juice of fruits/time period/physical objects with certain quality: CiCCuth/CeCCoCuth/-uth
- abstract/action/result/disaster: CiCoC/CiCCoC
- generic/instrument/collections/journal: -an/CaCCan/CiCCeCan(for quadriliteral or geminated triliteral roots)
- generic-inanimate: -a(added after a nominal, adjectival or verbal stem indicating something related to the stem)/CCaCa/CawCa(for CVwC roots)/CayCa(for CVyC roots)/CaCCaCa(for quadriliteral or geminated triliteral roots)
- generic(archaic): CCuC/CuC(for w-root)/CiC(for y-root)/CaCCuC(for quadriliteral or geminated triliteral roots)
- generic-animate(archaic): CCaC/CaCaC
adjective-forming:
- -ly/-ic/-ical/(locative): -an/CaCCan/CiCCeCan(for quadriliteral or geminated triliteral roots)
- -ed(for verbs)/-ed(for nouns): CeCCiz/CiCCeCiz(for quadriliteral or geminated triliteral roots)/CaCiC/CeCCiC/CaCCiC
- -ish/-en/-like/-some/-able(for verbs): CeCCev/-ev(in pattern CeCeC, CoCeC, the root becomes CeCC, CoCC)(when suffixing verbs, it is added on the infinitive form of the verb)/CiCCeCev(for quadriliteral or geminated triliteral roots)
- -ive/-ing/-ent/-y/-ful: CoCCod/-od(when suffixing verbs, it is added on the infinitive form of the verb)/CiCCeCod(for quadriliteral or geminated triliteral roots)
- -ant(adj): CiCCerod/-rod
- -wards/-ly: CoCCuth
- -less: -met/moCCoC
- -tuple/-merous/-gon(nouns): zaCCoC
verb-forming:
verbs in the following derivational follow the quadriliteral conjugations:
- causative: giCCeC
- reciprocal: hiCCeC
- passive: viCCeC
- reflexive: diCCeC
- passive of causative: hiCCeC
- V together: ziCCeC
- en-/throw/cast/give/tell: miCCeC
- get/take: piCCeC
- hold/use: biCCeC
- build/establish/produce/create: tiCCeC
- say/speak/ask for: niCCeC
- become/turn: liCCeC
- un-/de-/dis-: xiCCeC
- generic: kiCCeC
other:
- collective: g-/k-
- un-: a-
- mis/mal: ma-
================
personal pronouns:
1st sg: ni
2nd sg: mi
3rd sg: ki
1st pl: neth
2nd pl: meth
3rd pl: heth
demonstratives:
- this: ti
- that: yo
- these: tith
- those: yoth
- here: tin
- there: yon
- the: he/h'-
- a/an: na/n'-(indefinite article)
- that(complementizer): zed
interrogatives:
- who: mar
- what: man
- which: maz
- how many/how much: maza
- where: manezed
- when: makex
- how: mach
- why: mal
prepositions:
- at/to/than: ta/th-(singular)/eth-(plural)
-- in, into: mi/mi-(singular)/mi-(plural)
-- out of, except: ar/r-(singular)/ar-(plural)
-- on, upon, over, in(language): tu/tu-(singular)/tu-(plural)
-- under: av/v-(singular)/av-(plural)
-- in front of: na/n-(singular)/en-(plural)
-- behind: pa/f-(singular)/ef-(plural)
-- by: za/z-(singular)/ez-(plural)
-- between: su/su-(singular)/su-(plural)
-- around, about: ga/g-(singular)/g-(plural)
-- to, towards: di/di-(singular)/di-(plural)
-- through: mar/mar-(singular)/mar-(plural)
- for/in order to(a variant of na "front" + -n (an old adverbializer?)?): nan/nan-(singular)/nan-(plural)
- with(comitative): ma/m-(singular)/em-(plural)
- with(instrumental): ka/ch-(singular)/ich-(plural)
- without: gom/gom-(singular)/gom-(plural)
- of: hef
- from: da/d-(singular)/ed-(plural)
- against/opposite/in the opposite of: tan/tan-(singular)/tan-(plural)
- as/like: a/‘a-(singular)/‘a-(plural)
preposition inflection:
- 1st sg: na-
- 2nd sg: ma-
- 3rd sg: ha-
- 1st pl: net-
- 2nd pl: met-
- 3rd pl: het-
nagation: mo(placed before the verb, used with the subjunctive when negating a yes/no question with the present tense)
question: mo(placed at the end of a sentence)
degree adverbs:
- very: tron(related to toron "true")
- excessively, over-: dur(related to dur "excessive")/durod
conjunction:
- and: im
- or: on
- but: ret /oron
- if: til
- then: groz
- when: kex
- before: na
- after: pa
- since: if
- because: id
- so/thus/therefore: yod
- also/too: ven
- in order that/in order to: nan (placed immediately before the word when meaning "in order to", placed in the initial position of the clause when meaning "in order that")
all conjunctions are placed at the initial position of a sentence
- as: a
- yes: so
- no: mo
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