Reflection of Old Saxon Class III weak verbs in Town Speech/Urban Basanawa
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Not including derived verbs, there used to be four Class III weak verbs in Old Saxon: hebbian "to have"(reflected as 持わﾟん/haven in Town Speech/Urban Basanawa), libbian "to live"(reflected as 生わﾟん/leven and 住わﾟん/leven in Town Speech/Urban Basanawa), seggian "to say"(reflected as 言がん/sagen in Town Speech/Urban Basanawa), and huggian "to think"(reflected as 覚がん/hegen "to remember" in Town Speech/Urban Basanawa). All of the four Old Saxon Class III weak verbs survive today in Town Speech/Urban Basanawa, but due to the phonological and morphological changes, only some remnants of the Old Saxon Class III verbs still remain.
First, the verb huggian had already started to be conjugated as Class I weak verbs during the Old Saxon times; and the stems of the other three verbs were remodelled after the past tense forms in Old Pre-Platt(the Old Saxon dialect that is the predecessor of modern Town Speech/Urban Basanawa) during the time of late Old Saxon. Therefore, the infinitive forms of hebbian, libbian and seggian became *havian, *levian and *sagian respectively.
After the remodelling of the verbs had taken place, the sound change vd > dd occured in Old Pre-Platt, which irregularized the past tense forms of *havian(formerly hebbian) and *lebian(formerly libbian), then during the Middle Pre-Platt(the Middle Low German dialect/variant that is the predecessor of modern Town Speech/Urban Basanawa), open syllable lengthening, the reduction of unstressed vowels and the merge of front rounded vowels and front unrounded vowels caused the infintive forms of *havian, *levian, *huggian and *sagian shifted to *hāven, *lēven, *hēgen and *sāgen respectively in Middle Pre-Platt, which made the vowels of the past tense forms and the present tense forms to have different lengths in *hāven and sāgen.
The verbs *lēven(formerly libbian), *hēgen/higgen(formerly huggian) became regular weak verbs during the Middle Pre-Platt period, and their irregular forms had lost completely, but the sound change Vɣd > V:d further irregularized the verb *sāgen(formerly seggian), whose irregular past forms still remain in the speech of some people today.
The origin of the 2nd and 3rd present forms of the verb 持わﾟん in Town Speech/Urban Basanawa is unclear, but it might be due to the analogy of the past tense forms during the Middle Pre-Platt era, or from a lost alternative form of the Old Saxon verb hebbian, as the alternative forms without the intervocalic labial consonant that are evolved from the Proto-Germanic verb *habjaną(which is the predecessor of Old Saxon verb hebbian) are known to exist in several other West Germanic languages like Scots, North Frisian, Afrikaans, Old High German and its descendant Middle High German. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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