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Verbal conjugations and agglutination
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 29 Jul 2018, 00:19.
[comments] htnlessonslesson 2verbsverbal conjugationtensepresentpast
5. Lesson in Hakkan
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This article is intended to teach any avid learner of Hakkan how to conjugate verbs correctly. In the previous article, we learned about the basic greetings of the Hakkan language along with learning how to say how are you and good bye.In Hakkan, there are two tenses, present and past. In essence, each verb either indicates a present action or a past action without using any additional agglutinative modifiers of a verb. For instance the infinitive of "to eat" can be said /wo’so.wo/ and it can be further conjugated into either present /‘wo.so/ or past /wo’so.wa/ without having to utilize any other additional morphemes. Informally, the past tense can also refer to the conditional mood and the present tense refers to a future tense in some contexts.
However, to clarify and distinguish between present and future, the morpheme /-thok.ko/ is used to refer to the future tense. Therefore, “I will eat” is said: /wo.so’thok.ka/. Very rarely will this verb modifier exist on its own, such as a type of auxiliary verb existing apart from the verbal nucleus. To indicate a formal conditional mood, the past tense is used in conjunction with the verbal modifier, thus making /wo’so.wa,thok.ko/. It must further be clarified that there exists only one indicative mood and no subjunctive mood, but instead subjunctive verbal clusters exist through splitting the verbal nucleus with a relative pronoun /thos/.
Notice the difference between the present and the past tenses in that almost every other person has its own vowel in the singular whereas in the plural they start to appear similar, especially in the past tense, where every conjugation is the same. This goes to show how important and how often formality is used in the Hakkan language.
Unlike most of its neighboring languages, Hakkan utilizes agglutination in almost every way. We have already established that verbal conjugation exists in Hakkan. In order to complicate that ordeal, verbal nuclei remain unconjugated when applied in a verbal compound. For instance, “to be able” is said as /pso’no.wo/, “to eat” is /wo’so.wo/. Now, to say “I can eat” is said through an agglutinized verbal compound. Thus makes /wo.so’pso.no/ as one word. This can also be applied with “to have” /ho’tso.wo/ and “to want” /thon’so.wo/. Verbal nuclei are usually placed first in formal conjugated setting. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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