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Sowar verbs
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 27 May 2019, 01:45.

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Menu 1. Pluractionality and aspect 2. Person agreement 3. Short form
Sowar verb has little inflection, using other verbs for aspect, mode and evidentiality. They also have different forms whenever they're followed by a clitic (that is when they're the last verb in the verb phrase).

[edit] [top]Pluractionality and aspect

There are several reduplicated forms with different meanings including pluractionality.

Collective object:
This form is used when the action of the verb is done over a bounded group of items and it was performed at once. It doesn't imply that the subject is also plural. It is formed with reduplication of the first syllable of the verb, this usually triggers reduction of the second vowel, thus a secuence C1V is often changed to C1VC1.
Adris hasàran rabụ.
adris
orange
hasàr=an
pick=1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
rabụ
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument

I picked the orange

Adris hahsàran rabụ.
adris
orange
ha-hasàr=an
COLCollective (number)
'group or mass entity'
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
-pick=1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
rabụ
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument

I picked the oranges.

Adris hahsàran rebụ.
adris
orange
ha-hasàr=an
COLCollective (number)
'group or mass entity'
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
-pick=1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
rebụ
1PFirst person plural (person)
we (inclusive or exclusive)
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument

We picked the oranges

Imperfective
This form is specificly used to talk about actions repeated (durative aspect use the verb 'ďen'). It covers iterative (in a single event) and habitual (regularly). It is made with the copy of the last -VC secuence of the verb root. This form implies that the event is performed in a single place or a bound timespan. It can combine with collective object.

Adris hasàràran rabụ
adris
orange
hasàr-àr=an
pick-HABHabitual (aspect)
done often or out of habit
=1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
rabụ
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument

i pick oranges (usually)/ I pick an orange (over and over)

Adris hahsàràran rabụ
adris
orange
ha-hasàr-àr=an
COLCollective (number)
'group or mass entity'
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
-pick-HABHabitual (aspect)
done often or out of habit
=1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
rabụ
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument

I pick oranges (over and over)

Experiential
It is a special form of perfect which refers that the event described has happened or has been experienced. It has two forms, one for singular and the other for plural object. Singular is also used for a generic meaning. Both forms take suffix -i. Singular copies the first consonant with a vowel i (Ci-) and plural reduplicates as a collective plural (see above).
Adris hihsàrin rabụ
adris
orange
hi-hasàr-i=n
SEMELUnknown code-pick-SEMELUnknown code=1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
rabụ
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument

I've picked an orange/oranges before

Adris hahsàrin rabụ
adris
orange
ha-hasàr-i=n
COLCollective (number)
'group or mass entity'
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
-pick-SEMELUnknown code=1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
rabụ
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument

i've picked some oranges before

Distributive
It is used to describe events that happened across several time and space marks. It is formed with a the last -CVC secuence suffixed to the base. It can't coappear with collective plural
adris hasàrsàran rabù
adris
orange
hasàr-sàr=an
pick-DISTRDistributive (case)
'each', 'per'
=1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
rabụ
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument

i picked oranges here and there

[edit] [top]Person agreement

Person agreement is represented by enclitics. They attach to the right edge of the verb phrase. See pronouns for this

[edit] [top]Short form

The last verb in a verb phrase has a special reduced form when followed by a pronominal clitic.

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