From PEM to NPA
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sound changes mainly
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 5 Dec 2018, 11:59.
[comments] npa
1. From PEM to NPA
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2. NPA Grammar
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Unless specified, all the changes that involve short vowels also apply to their long equivalents.
I am using IPA orthography in this entire article, which may sometimes differ from PEM and NPA orthography.
The first syllable is stressed in disyllabic words unless the second syllable ends in a consonant, in which case that is stressed.
In three-syllable and longer words, the second syllable is always stressed.
æ > a
gw,kw > b,p
b > dʒ / _i,y
b > bz / _u,ɯ
d > dz / _i,y,u,ɯ
g > z / _i,y,u,ɯ
k > s / _i,y,u,ɯ
l > ʎ / _i,y
p > tʃ / _i,y
p > ps / _u,ɯ
r > ʒ / _i,y,u,ɯ
s > ʃ / _i,y
t > tʃ / _i,y
t > ts / _u,ɯ
z > ʒ / _i,y
i > Ø / [+palatal]_#, [+palatal]_C#
g > j / _e, ø
ə,ø > a / _h
i > e / _h
ɯ > a / _h
u > o / _h
h > Ø
l > w
r > ʀ / _#
k,g > q,ʀ / _a,ə
Let U = {e,o,u,ø,y,ɯ,ə}
U > Ø / unstressed and short
i > j / _#, unstressed and short
i > Ø / unstressed and short, otherwise
long vowels become short
ǝ,e,o,ø > ɯ,i,u,y
All non-sonorants become voiceless at the end of a word.
ʎ > j / _C
uw > ow
yw > øw
yj > øj
ij > ej
uu,wu > wo
wy > wø
yy,jy > jø
ii,ji > je
Ø > ə / C_C (not VC_CV though, and glides don't count as consonants)
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