Proto-Hypaxian Verbal system
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Verbal system
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 28 Dec 2021, 19:02.
[comments] verbtensegrammarryi The starting point for the morphological analysis of the Proto-Hypatian (PH) verb is the root. PH roots are morphemes with lexical meanings, which usually consist of a single vowel flanked by one or more consonants arranged to very specific rules.
Before the final endings — to denote number, person, etc., can be applied, additional elements (S) may be added to the root (R). The resulting component here after any such affixion is the stem, to which the final endings (E) can then be added to obtain the conjugated forms.
At least the following sets of endings existed:
Primary ("present") endings:
Present tense of the indicative mood of imperfective verbs.
Secondary ("past") endings:
Past tense of the indicative mood of imperfective verbs.
Indicative mood of perfective verbs.
Stative endings:
Indicative mood of stative verbs.
Imperative endings:
Imperative mood of all verbs.
PH had two aspects: the imperfective and perfective. The imperfective aspect was created by adding a thematic verbal suffix, either -e- or -o-.
When primary endings were added to the imperfective it lent itself to the present tense meaning. When secondary endings were added it gave a progressive imperfective past tense meaning.
Stative verbs were tenseless, and described a state without reference to time. This did not mean that stative verbs referred to permanent states, but rather that there was no way to express, within the verbal morphology, whether the state was applicable in the present moment, in the past, or in the future. These nuances were, presumably, expressed using adverbs.
If we look at an example with the verb 'bokotor' which means 'to know; to understand' and is an imperfective verb.
The first person singular stative of the verb would be 'bokoo' and would give the following meaning "I am in a state resulting from knowing/understanding"
The perfective aspect is formed without the use of a thematic verbal suffix.
When primary endings are added the meaning of the future is usually given. The perfective future is used for talking about an action that will be completed between now and some point in the future.
When secondary endings are added the meaning of the aorist is given. The perfective past is used to talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past.
Stative endings for the perfective aspect carried the same idea as with imperfective verbs. If we look at the same verb 'to know; understand' but in the perfective 'boktor' and in the first person singular, 'bokm' the following meaning is realized "I am in a state resulting from having known/understood." ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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