Current Reform in Classical Hakkan
▲
0▲ 0 ▼ 0
Fixed Syntax
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 27 Jan 2019, 04:28. Editing of this article is shared with Agglutinators.
[comments] [history] htnsyntaxorthographynomaccergabs Historically speaking, Hakkan has always involved an extensive case declension. This comes from its predecessor language, Old Hakkan, which is theorized to come from Proto-Yeli-Hakkan. This protolanguage had an extensive array of case declension and inflection. Unfortunately, as time goes by, some of these cases and syntactical dialogue come to a close and fall out of popular use. For instance, is the omission of the accusative case whenever the copula is employed. Furthermore, conjugation of the copula has become relatively more streamlined. Here is an example of the evolution of Classical Hakkan into a more Modern Standard variety:
English
You are a good person.
Classical Hakkan
Seyo kseyo theyebes yonos.
Modern Standard Hakkan
Seyo ksa theyebe yono.
As you can see in the example above, the accusative case is dropped altogether fusing it with the nominative. There are some instances, however, in which the subject takes on an instrumental case. It is used as somewhat of an impromptu agentive case for nouns and nominalized compound structures. Now, if the instrumental becomes the agentive, and the nominative becomes the absolutive, where does all this ergative-absolutive alignment come from? The answer lies in its neighboring languages. Thus, there is an areal effect that penetrates the modern stratum that is Modern Standard Hakkan. Another analysis from the example above is the standardization of the conjugated copula, specifically distinguishing between singular and plural number, but person is not inflected in Modern Standard Hakkan. Another example of the streamlining and eroding facets of Modern Standard Hakkan is the utilization of prepositions that replace commonly inflected cases.
English
I am in the house.
Classical Hakkan
Wa ksa heyoqan.
Modern Standard Hakkan
Wa ksa wan heyoqan.
Among this table are including the previously used case declensions of Classical Hakkan:
| English | Classical Hakkan | Modern Standard Hakkan |
| I | wa | wa |
| me | was | was |
| of me | waye | waye |
| by me | wakse | wakse |
| in me | wawan | wan wawan |
| inside me | wawanna | wanna wawan |
| outside me | waweyos | weyos wawan |
| above me | wawetsoqo | wetsoqo wawan |
| under me | wawomboqo | womboqo wawan |
| with me | wathas | wathas |
| without me | wanath | wanath |
| from me | wathxe | wathxe |
| for me | watheq | watheq |
| to me | wases | ses wases |
The purpose of this table is to illustrate how, through time, speakers of the Hakkan language have begun to employ the use of prepositions, ultimately created from their ancient inflected case endings. In the realm of Classical Hakkan syntax, inflections don't normally exist alone or stand alone on their own. Unlike in Hakkan, speakers of the existing Proto-Yeli-Hakkanic languages interacted with each other, exchanging vocabulary left and right. Thus, creating a hodgepodge of creativity and interaction. It was very unique, however, for Hakkan to employ to this day the case endings that they may have even been guilty of creating for themselves. In the city of Hakkan City, literature was seen as an artform and most people were very erudite and literate to say the least. Now, here is one more example of the complexity that Classical Hakkan endured, by translating this English sentence:
English
You gave me the book.
Classical Hakkan
Seyo thaseyowa wases kseyehos.
Modern Standard Hakkan
Seyokse thasowa ses wases kseyeho.
One major difference between formal writing, hathsethoqaso, and the spoken language, sokkotsenthowa, is that words exist much more concisely in formal contexts, especially in the written form of the language. Alienability, for instance, exists much more frequently in written form and in formal settings so words tend to be longer. On the other hand, when you're referring to agreement between nouns and adjectives, in Modern Standard Hakkan, no such agreement exists. When a speaker of Modern Standard Hakkan comes up with a sentence on the spot, he or she will give away contextual clues through the adjective or the possessive enclitic of a noun. Such derivations of speech patterns are seen as unusual in Formal Classical Hakkan as well as in written Classical Hakkan.
English
My red book is long.
Classical Hakkan
Qoboye kseyehowaye xentheyes (ksa).
Modern Standard Hakkan
Qoboye kseyeho waye xentheye ksa.
The reason that such simplification exists is that, although much of the population was said to be educated and literate, such long expressions were said to be overly pedantic. Think about the ways the author can convey a complicated thought with such few words in the following poem called "Tsanohowantheye yeyenomboqo," which mean "contemplating under the moon:"
Woxehothonsothokkeyowa
Wath yonowaye thaspsoqowa
Howotsatsowayes.
Which translates something equivalent to this translation in English:
You might want to ask
If men straggled in with
their burdens.
✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
Comments
Edit history
on 27/01/19 04:28+1683[Deactivated User]Alienability inclusion and short poem
