Tnaaq positionals and deictics
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Location, directions in verbs and such
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Dec 2020, 17:58.
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2. Auxiliary verbs
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4. Phonology of Tnaaq
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5. Tnaaq clitics
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6. Tnaaq comparatives
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7. Tnaaq conjunctions
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8. Tnaaq derivation
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9. Tnaaq kinship
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10. Tnaaq nouns
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11. Tnaaq numerals
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13. Tnaaq prepositions
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14. Tnaaq pronouns
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15. Tnaaq relative clauses
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16. Tnaaq solar calendar
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17. Tnaaq syntax
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18. Tnaaq verbs
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19. Tnaaq writing system
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20. Tnaaq's background
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There is a set of verbs of movement that come with special morphology that comes from former serial verbs.
Tnaaq verbs' morphology includes two suffixes that come from serial verb constructions: ihk-andative (away) and at-venitive (towards). These verbs roots become suffixed to the verb and receive no inflection. The verb qu: to go and several others cannot be conjugated without one of those suffixes. Movement verbs that have only one syllable in their root need this suffix. Elsewhere it's optional.
When used with this special forms the prefixes n-, for intransitives, and s- for transitives and causatives are used on both verb roots (thus, n-qu-n-ihk/at)
nqunihk: go away
nqunat: come
narihk: run away/escape
narat: come running
nysquus: roll
nysquusihk: roll away
nysquusat: roll towards
Atauhi nysquusihk kau asasarau! your pen just rolled away
Akusquusatuq: Roll it back!
Tnaaq uses a series of second position clitics that include pronouns, former incorporated nouns, directionals, evidentials, aspectual and discourse features. Some of the directionals come from incorporated body nouns.
up: =unq
down: =kait
inside: =nak
outside: =rki
aside:=kak
back: =raa
front: =auqa
upstream: =tnuh
downstream: =qih(r)
to the coast: =kaa
to the lake: =san
to the land: =yyx
to the jungle: =kak
home: =qut
around =han
around/over (covering) =ran
Some of these clitics have a different form if the object located is in contact with the point of reference.These forms are produced by another clitic =n that comes before the locatives. =nunq 'on', =unq 'above'
Atitnuh tatisakin nguunatr itanruu: His brothers came upstream to fish.
Atiqihris kruu antin sai uquuhiit! All the dead fish floated away down the river!
The locative predicates are formed with the verb ii: to be at, and the clitics above:
ii=DIR X n Y?
Iinak sau kaunan n quhqaunas: my book is in the box
Iiraa sau kaunan n quhqaunas: my book is behind the box
Iihunq sau kaunan n quhqaunas: my book is on the box
Iihauqa sau kaunan n quhqaunas: my book is in front of the box
T'nak ai sau kaunan n quhqaunas? is my book in the box?
T'raa ai sau kaunan n quhqaunas? is my book behind the box?
T'unq ai sau kaunan n quhqaunas? is my book on the box?
T'auqa ai sau kaunan n quhqaunas? is my book in front of the box?
Answer:
iinak/ stiinak: yes/no
iiraa/stiiraa
iihunq/stiihunq...
The following are the noun forms of the clitics above:
up: iniihq
down: kait
inside: naak
outside: yryki
back: raaxar
front: hauqa
upstream: uaruurisa
downstream: antyyrisa
to the coast: kaiqa
to the lake: aqiiq
to the land: qurt
to the jungle: sqiryys
In Nuusese these nouns have become relational, and they're used instead of the clitic constructions above. This feature has also extended to Hosterguian.
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