Reliability Indicators in Paw̄ápana
▲
1▲ 1 ▼ 0
This article discusses the use of reliability indicators in Paw̄ápana.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 15 Feb 2019, 21:01.
[comments] reliabilityindicatorsgrammarpava'panapaw
3. Currency in Paʻoko
?
?
4. Food in Pava'pana
?
?
14. Summary of Pava'Pana
?
?
17. Time in Pa'oko
?
?
Reliability (Evidentiality) Indicators are words used to tell where the information being stated comes from and how reliable it is. They are always placed at the very end of the sentence.ʻpōmo - ( from [pō] + sight [mo] ) - Indicates a primary source, meaning that the speaker observed the event of information with their own eyes.
ʻhoha - ( physical [ho] + existence [ha] ) - Indicates that the information is self-evident, and doesn't need proof, as it can be seen with one's own eyes.
ʻmānā - ( heard [mā] + positive [nā] ) - Indicates that the information was told to a speaker by a trusted source, making it trustworthy secondary information.
ʻmāma - ( heard [mā] + negative [ma] ) - Indicates that the information was told to the speaker by an untrusted source, making it untrustworthy secondary information.
ʻmopapa - ( sight [mo] + god [papa] ) - Indicates that the information was received from a vision sent by god to inform an individual. In modern day contexts, this can also mean any information seen in a dream, or spoken while impaired/imbibed
ʻpanaʻa - ( speak [pana] + form [ʻa] ) - Indicates that information is spoken with evidence to support a statement or claim.
panaʻo - ( speak [pana] + vague [ʻo] ) - Indicates that information is spoke without evidence to support the statement or claim.
Example:
Lópapā́nōha haʻana ʻāʻpāʻw̄ona ʻpōmo.
The dog is brown (I saw it).
✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
Comments
