Lesson on Cases
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All the Cases and All Its Various Uses
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 14 Aug 2017, 16:51.
[comments] caseslessonnotesnounsnominativeaccusativegenitivedativelativeablativelocativeintrumentaluel
2. Lesson 1: verbs
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3. Lesson on Cases
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
So I just started to actually learn a language with cases, and noticed the Genitive is actually a lot more complex than it is... Which is fine, but I think because of this, I'm not really using the cases in it's true potential. So in this journal, we'll talk about cases as I also come up to how it should be used.
Base
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Lative
Ablative
Locative
Instrumental
Oblique
(But as of 2017/06/30, I have eliminated the Oblique case, since I felt that it was sort of a cop-out.)
So in this article, I will one by one highlight the usage of each of the cases and also get creative with it.
Let's start!
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Nominative
The nominative form (-arua) is distinct from the base/dictionary form of the word. It is used when the noun in question acts as a subject of the verb.
e.g.
The sun shines brightly.
Ea alua oediro dicur.
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Accusative
The accusative form (-aria) is used as the noun acted upon by the verb, or the direct object of the verb.
e.g.
He hit his enemy.
Ge zuseloria opkabad.
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Genitive
The genitive (-are) was actually only used as a possessive marker, but this was the case which prompted me to write this article in the first place.
e.g.
Your room is big.
Ge zuomorua pabanartem.
It can also be used to describe characteristics or traits.
e.g.
You smelled like fish.
Agekare mated.
His fish-like eyes sees things.
Ge beskarua agakare boria bestar.
If you want a one word response to the question why, use the genetive. (mainly because why usually expressed in Genitive)
e.g.
Why do you feel?
Hamaire oted?
(because of) life.
Pazamare.
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Dative
The Dative (-arie) form is for the noun receiving the actions. Some verbs would have to require the Dative case, such as help (kaed).
e.g.
Help me!
Rie kaedepa!
It is also the object of the infinitive verb.
e.g.
To like the cold
Benam ea sunamarie.
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Lative
The lative form (-aruo) in it's most basic usage is to indicate a movement towards the noun.
Alish doesn't have words "come" or "bring" however, it uses go (taman) and carry (kemat) and uses the lative.
e.g.
his child (towards)school (he)carried
Ge zecoria oehacarue kematad
It is also used to express the new state of a transition
e.g.
From darkness became light.
Cusokaruo Ezosarue iar.
Note that the word kuiar(become/change) exists and it's subject is also usually a lative (more info on word descriptions)
Only use this form if you're talking about transition of state. kuiar implies something is added.
so if you say Cusokarua ezosarue kuiar. you are implying that the transition is more gradual, and/or the nominative dark is not necessarily the same as the ablative and is a more separate entity (although still considered the same entity) while using iar implies a more clearer change.
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Ablative
The ablative form (-aruo) in it's most basic usage is to indicate a movement away from the noun.
Alish doesn't have words "leave" or "take" however, it uses go (taman) and carry (kemat) and uses the ablative.
e.g.
Cimaruo tamanad
(Away from)hospital (he)go
Ablative is also used to indicate a noun originated from somewhere, or is made up from something.
If used to express origin, the copula (iar) is present. Otherwise, the noun should be in Genitive.
e.g.
That child is from Aluluel
Aezonarua damac Alulueluo iar.
That stone Alish spear...
Aluluele tuacaruo Pehirua damac...
It is also used to express the original state of a transition.
e.g.
From darkness became light.
Cusokaruo ezosarue iar.
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Locative
The locative form (-areo) is to indicate position, or a current state of character.
e.g.
I'm in England
Inglandareo iara
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Instrumental
The instrumental (-aro) is to indicate what nouns help complete the verb.
e.g.
(He) made this by hand.
<Demairia karo iamed.
Because of its nature, it is also the main form to conjugate adjectives into adverbs.
e.g.
(He) consciously made a choice.
idiecaro gua dodad.
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Vocative (Base)
Alish has a distinct base form and is used as a Vocative
e.g.
Hey Sun!
Tez Al!Ok, that was a bit random, but you get the picture :P
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Note:
Some cases can be used interchangeably.
e.g.
He died by the coldness.
Sunamaro zebad.
Instrumental
v.s.
He died of the coldness.
Sunamare zebad.
Genitive ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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