Teknite Cases (and Genders)
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e-a-en, i-o-in, is-im-os, Sun-and-Moon,
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 20 Mar 2017, 04:06.
[comments] tkcgrammarcasesgendersnouns
[top]Overview
Teknite is a language with about 12 nominal cases - NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location GENGenitive (case)
possessive LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc INSTInstrument (gender/class)
tool, machine REFReferential (case)
about, regarding, on the topic of ALLAllative (case)
'to, onto' ABLAblative (case)
away from INEInessive (case)
'inside' TEMPTemporal (case)
specifying time (at one, on Monday, etc.) SOCSociative (case)
with (I am you.SOCSociative (case)
with (I am you.SOC = I am with you) = I am with you) - 8 of which has two different variants that is used in accordance to the noun's gender. In this article, I'm going to talk about these specific Teknite cases, and also - Teknite gender system.
[top]Gender in Teknite
To start things off before going straight to cases, let's talk about Teknite genders. Teknite makes use of nominal (grammatical) genders, which affects how the noun is declined, how adjectives work with the said noun, and how copular sentences work. However, it is not classified by MMasculine gender (gender)
masculine or male and FFeminine gender (gender)
feminine or female - instead, Teknite uses Solar (SOLSolar (gender/class)
relating to the sun) and Lunar (LUNLunar (gender)
relating to the moon), and additionally, Stellar (LGTLight gender (gender)). These genders are determined by the root noun's lastly pronounced vowel (or in the case of LGT, the end of the root word), described below:
Solar
A noun is a solar noun (SOLSolar (gender/class)
relating to the sun) if its last pronounced vowel is /a/, /ɛ/, or /y/ that's not /j/!. For example, the Teknite word Diant "sun" is a solar noun Sherlock, because the last pronounced vowel is /a/. This shouldn't be a problem as in Teknite, one phoneme - one grapheme (Like, (y) is /y/, unlike in English where it alternates between /i/ and /j/ and /aɪ/). Let's imagine English words were given Teknite genders - in that case, the English "Sun", while the written last vowel is (u), is a solar noun, since it is pronounced (roughly) /san/ instead of /sun/.
Lunar
A noun is a lunar noun (LUNLunar (gender)
relating to the moon) if its last pronounced vowel is /i/, /ɔ/, or /u/. For example, the Teknite word Helont "moon" is a lunar noun Sherlock again, as its last pronounced vowel is /ɔ/.
Stellar
A noun is a stellar (or technically, LGTLight gender (gender)) noun if it ends with -in and has more than one syllable (diphthongs count as separate syllables). Stellar nouns are a combination of solar and lunar noun elements - its NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument, ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient, and DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location declensions are solar, but the rest of the declensions are lunar, and adjectival declensions treat it as a solar noun. For example, in hemin "order; not chaotic" and jein "road", but not in din "thing".
[top]Nominative
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
TRANS subject, INTR argument | TRANS subject, INTR argument |
This case is obviously the most common case in pretty much any NOM-ACC language, including Teknite. Here, NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument marks either the agent (in a transitive sentences, e.g. "I eat bread") or the subject (in an intransitive sentences, e.g. "I sleep"). In Teknite, this case is also used for VOCVocative (case)
'O [addressee]'s.
[top]Accusative
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
TRANS direct object; patient | TRANS direct object; patient |
The ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient case marks the patient in a transitive sentences, e.g. the bread in "I eat bread".
[top]Dative
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location | indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
The DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location case marks the indirect and/or beneficiary object, where it is described in English as the "him" in "I made a bread for him" or the "her" in "I gave a book to her".
[top]Genitive
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
possessive Pokemon's | |
The GENGenitive (case)
possessive case marks the possessor (not to be confused with the possessee), which is described in English as "the Flower's" or "of the Flower".
[top]Locative
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
'in, on, at' etc at the Mountain | |
The LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc case is used to signify location (not time). In most cases in Teknite (and also Lithian and Mellan), the English basic functions of "in", "on", and "at" merged into "at", or in other words, LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc. To state out a more specific location, like "inside", a preposition is added, like in nem meneshim "in the building; inside building-LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc".
[top]Instrumental
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
tool, machine with a Horse | |
The INSTInstrument (gender/class)
tool, machine case is used to signify the object that is used to do an action, like the "pineapple pen" in "I wrote a letter with a pineapple pen". In Teknite, this case is also used when concerning languages, something that is conveyed in English as "in" in "in Teknite" IN-CEPTION, like in Tehénoemos "in Teknite" and Litesernos "in Lithian".
[top]Referential
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
about, regarding, on the topic of about the sky | about, regarding, on the topic of about the sea |
The REFReferential (case)
about, regarding, on the topic of case is used on nouns that are being addressed (but not those of VOCVocative (case)
'O [addressee]'), something conveyed in English with "about you" in "I want to talk about you".
[top]Allative
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
'to, onto' to the Cat | 'to, onto' to the Domain |
This case is used to signify movement towards the declined noun, which is conveyed in English with "to the house" in "He is walking to the house".
[top]Ablative
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
away from from the Building | away from from the Field |
This case is used to signify movement away from the declined noun, which is conveyed in English with "away from the city" in "I am looking away from the city". This case is also used to denote origin, like in Tehénibet "of the Teknites" and Laftibet "of the Luf".
[top]Inessive
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
'inside' in Darkness | 'inside' in Freedom |
This case is specifically used in Teknite to denote current state, like in English "in despair". Mostly, this case is used exclusively to nominal adjectives and condition nouns (e.g. Darkness, Agreement).
[top]Temporal
| Solar | Lunar |
|---|---|
specifying time (at one, on Monday, etc.) on the Hour | |
This case is specifically used in Teknite to denote "when". In English, it is conveyed rather differently for each type of time classification, hence "at the night", "in February", and "on the 17th of August". In Teknite, however, these are all conveyed in one case (which is the one said in the above table). Again, for more specific time statements (e.g. "during"), prepositions are added.
[top]Irregulars
Irregularly, on NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument and ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient declensions, if the root word ends with -h or a vowel (which is largely exclusive to loanwords), [n] is suffixed first before further declination. For example, god-NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument is rahne, instead of *rahe, but god-GENGenitive (case)
possessive is rahis.
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