Verbs
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constructing verbs
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 11 Dec 2016, 22:47.
[comments] smf
1. Translations
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1. Adjectives
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2. alphabet & tests
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3. Animals and Roles
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4. Definite Articles
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5. Grammatical Marks
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10. Punctuation
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11. Transitivity
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13. Verb Conjugations
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?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Verbs are contained within two categories, and are marked in four different ways: pre-appended particles, post-appended particles, prefixes, and suffixes, applied as shown in the image below. Within each of these categories, there are sometimes overlapping values, in which multiple of one type of affix or particle can be applied. In this situation, there is a specified order of marking that must be followed.
Verbs are categorized based on their required transitivity.
Mono-transitive Verbs (MTRs)
MTRs have the stem sek- (sek-) and can only be transitive when used correctly. This applies to verbs that, by the terms of the language, require an object. For example, sekpeset (sekpeset) means "to be a member of." It would be ungrammatical to make a statement like "I am a member of" because it is considered incomplete--you're a member of what?
Bi-transitive Verbs (BTRs)
BTRs have the stem tam- (tam-) and can be either transitive or intransitive. Verbs that aren't considered 'carry' as much information as MTRs fit into this category, and some of them are even encouraged to be intransitive (ex. to write/fly, tamoman). It makes just as much sense to say "I write" as it does "I write letters" because neither statement is 'missing' information.
Pre-appended particles (shortened to PRPs) are not directly attached to the verb. They are separate, but have a defined order in front of the verb and cannot appear without a verb following them. The PRPs of verbs are the:
- PREC, precative mood
- IMP, imperative mood
- PROH, prohibitive mood
- RES, resultative mood
- POE.WK, weak poetic mood
The first three, PREC, IMP, and PROH, are mutually exclusive; i.e., a verb cannot be imperative and prohibitive at once. RES and POE.WK can be used simultaneously. They are ordered:
POE.WK RES [PREC|IMP|PROH] {verb}
Post-appended particles (shortened to PSPs) are not directly attached to the verb. Just like PRPs, they are separate, and cannot appear without a verb preceding them. The PSPs of verbs are the:
- YN.AFF/NEG, yes-no affirmative and negative
- POE.STR, strong poetic mood
- all evidentiality
POE.STR is set after either YN. The marks for evidentiality are mutually exclusive. They are ordered:
{verb} (evidentiality) YN.[AFF|NEG] POE.STR
Prefixes are attached directly to the beginning of a verb. The verb prefixes are:
- all conjugations
- grammatical marks
Conjugations are mutually exclusive, and are only applied to a verb whose stem (tam- or sek-) has first been removed. Grammatical marks can only be applied to infinitive forms of verbs. These two types of prefixes would never occur simultaneously, so they do not need to be ordered.
Suffixes are attached directly to the end of a verb. The verb suffixes are:
- COND, conditional mood
- CAP, capable mood
- NEC, necessitative mood
- REP, reputative mood
- SBJV, subjunctive mood
- OPT, optative mood
- Q, interrogative mood
Of these seven, only the OPT and SBJV must be interchanged. The order is:
{verb}.COND.CAP.[SBJV|OPT].NEC.REP.Q
This is the complete construction of a fully-marked verb in Ssamaf.
POE.WK RES [PREC|IMP|PROH] (conjugation).{verb}.COND.CAP.[SBJV|OPT].NEC.REP.Q (evidentiality) YN.[AFF|NEG] POE.STR
continue to:
*grammar marks
*evidentiality
*moods
*conjugations
*interrogatives
*figurative language ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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