Hadraic Nominal Morphology
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simplified article about how Hadraic's nouns work (mostly)
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 9 Sep 2019, 18:07.
[comments] hadrnounsmorphologygrammar
1. Hadraic Idioms
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3. Hadraic Verb List
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5. Najrani Hadraic
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?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
3.3.1 Basic characteristics
* Three numbers, singular, dual, and plural
* Two cases, nominative and oblique
* Definite article
* Changing stem
Affix template: (Def/Prep)-Noun(.Num)-(Sgv)-(Cns)-(Case/Num)
Ex. اكوفيتن ā-kūfayətuna "[somebody's] pieces of rock (obl.)"
Nominative not marked. Oblique marked with -ә.
(1) اناقد يحتزيني
Ā-nāqid yәḥtaziynī.
[a:na:qid jәħtazijni:]
DEFDefinite
"the"-shepherd.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument 3SMThird person singular masculine (person)
he-saw.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action-1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
"The shepherd saw me."
(2) اناقد أحتزي
Ā-nāqidә ʾaḥtaziyu.
[a:na:qidә ʔaħtaziju]
DEFDefinite
"the"-shepherd-OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I-saw.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action-3SMThird person singular masculine (person)
he
"I saw the shepherd."
Nominative dual is marked with -ā. Oblique is marked with -āy.
(3) اشمنا يسقّلهن
Ā-šamnā yisaqquluhәn.
[a:ʃan:a jisaq:ulu.әn]
DEFDefinite
"the"-fat-DUDual (number)
two 3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them-weigh.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'-CIRCCircumfix
part of a circumfix-3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them-SUGGSuggestive mood (mood)
suggestion, 'should', 'ought'
"The two (casks of) fat should weigh them."
(4) اشمناي يسقّلهن
Ā-šamnāy yisaqquluhәn
[a:ʃan:a:j jisaq:ulu.әn]
DEFDefinite
"the"-fat-DUDual (number)
two.OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object 3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them-weigh.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'-CIRCCircumfix
part of a circumfix-3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them-SUGGSuggestive mood (mood)
suggestion, 'should', 'ought'
"They should weigh the two (casks of) fat."
Only used for monosyllabic roots without long vowels. Nominative form: CV̄C. Oblique external plural marked with -ī.
(5) اصص طاڤ يشيّخ بحقر
Ā-ṣiṣ ṭāv yәšayyiḫ bi-ḥәqar.
[a:sˤisˤ tˤa:v jәʃaj:ix biħәqar]
DEFDefinite
"the"-flower beautiful 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee-grow.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete' in-field
"The beautiful flower is growing in the field."
(6) اصيص طڤّا يشيّخ بحقّرو
Ā-ṣīṣ ṭavvā yišayyiḫu bi-ḥәqqarū.
[a:sˤi:sˤ tˤav:a: jiʃaj:ixu biħәq:aru:]
DEFDefinite
"the"-flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few beautiful.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few 3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them-grow.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'-CIRCCircumfix
part of a circumfix in-field.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
"Beautiful flowers are growing in the fields."
(7) اصصي طاڤاي أنيشتيخ بحقّرو
Ā-ṣiṣī ṭāvāyә ʾanyištayiḫu bi-ḥәqqarū.
[a:sˤisˤi: tˤa:va:jә ʔanjiʃtajixu biħәq:aru]
DEFDefinite
"the"-flower-OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few beautiful.OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed-3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them-grow.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action-CIRCCircumfix
part of a circumfix in-field.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
"Beautiful flowers have been grown in the fields."
Anything that cannot be declined using the external plural uses the broken plural. Nominative form: CVC̄a(C)-ū/ā. Oblique form: CVCāyә(C). (Notes: a + ā > ā, a + ū > āw).
(8) تام اصنّوع قرز يصتحق
Tām ā-ṣәnnūʿa qәrzu yәṣtaḥiqu.
[ta:m a:sˤәn:u:ʕa qәrzu jәsˤtaħiqu]
Tom DEFDefinite
"the"-trick-CNSConstruct state
noun being possessed.OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object monkey 3SMThird person singular masculine (person)
he-laugh.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action-3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
"Tom laughed at the monkey's trick."
(9) تام اصنايع قرز يصتحقن
Tām ā-ṣәnāyәʿa qәrzu yәṣtaḥiqәn.
[ta:m a:sˤәna:jәʕa qәrzu jәsˤtaħiqәn]
Tom DEFDefinite
"the"-trick.OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few-CNSConstruct state
noun being possessed monkey 3SMThird person singular masculine (person)
he-laugh.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action-3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them
"Tom laughed at the monkey's tricks."
(10) اصنّعو قرز يصحو
Ā-ṣәnnaʿwa qәrzu yiṣaḥiwu.
[a:sˤәn:aʕwa qәrzu jisˤaħiwu]
DEFDefinite
"the"-trick.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few-CNSConstruct state
noun being possessed monkey 3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them-funny.STATStative (case)
attribute assignment-CIRCCircumfix
part of a circumfix
"The monkey's tricks are funny."
Indicates a "piece" of something. Mass nouns that take this suffix become singular. Marked with -iy if noun ends in a consonant and -tun if in a vowel.
(11) اكوف أتخل
Ā-kūfә ʾa-ʾtaḫilu.
[a:ku:fә ʔaʔtaxilu]
DEFDefinite
"the"-rock-OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I-bite.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action-3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
"I bit the rock."
(12) كوڤي أتخل
Kūfiyә ʾa-ʾtaḫilu.
[ku:fijә ʔaʔtaxilu]
rock-SGVSingulative (number)
'one piece of the whole'-OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I-bite.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action-3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
"I bit a piece of rock."
The definite article is marked with ā-.
(13) زراع تعصزه
Zirāʿә tәʿaṣuzuhu.
[zira:ʕә tәʕasˤuzu.u]
leg-OBL 2F-cut.PFV-CIRC-3S
"You (f) cut off a leg."
(14) ازراع أنيعتزه
Ā-zirāʿә ʾanyәʿtazuh.
[a:zira:ʕә ʔanjәʕtazu]
DEF-leg-OBL PASS-3S-cut.PFV
"The leg was cut off."
The first noun in a construct state takes this suffix. N1-CNS N2 means "N2's N1". The construct case in Hadraic is -a.
(15) اشمي جكو ييس
Ā-šimyə Jakwə yəyasu.
[a:ʃimjә d͡ʒakwә jәjasu]
DEF-bird-1P.GEN Jacko-OBL 3S-COP-3S
"My name is Jacko."
(16) اشم زڤنا جكو ييس
Ā-šima zuvnā Jakwə yəyasu.
[a:ʃima zuvna: d͡ʒakwә jәjasu]
DEF-name-CNS bird-1P.GEN Jacko-OBL 3S-COP-3S
"Our bird's name is Jacko." ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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