Phonology and Orthography: view article

Majuscule forms:	A	Á	Â	B	D	Ð	E	É	Ê	È	F	G	H	Ƕ	I	Í	Î	J	K	L	M	N	O	Ó	Ô	P	R	S	T	U	Ú	Û	V	Y	Ý	Ŷ	Z	Þ	Æ	Ǽ	Ø	Ǿ
Minuscule forms	a	á	â	b	d	ð	e	é	ê	è	f	g	h	ƕ	i	í	î	j	k	l	m	n	o	ó	ô	p	r	s	t	u	ú	û	v	y	ý	ŷ	z	þ	æ	ǽ	ø	ǿ

[edit] [top]Vowels

Gutiskar has 9 monophthongs. There is no distinction in length any more - the historical long vowels have undergone a process of diphthongisation.

Short vowels	Final	Medial (primary)	Medial (secondary)
⟨a⟩ [a]	⟨á⟩ [aʊ̯]	⟨á⟩ [ʊ̯a]	⟨â⟩ [aʊ̯]
⟨e⟩ [e]	⟨é⟩ [ɛɪ̯]	⟨é⟩ [i̯ɛ]	⟨ê⟩ [ɛɪ̯]
⟨i⟩ [i]	⟨í⟩ [iɪ̯]	⟨í⟩ [i̯ə]	⟨î⟩ [iɪ̯]
⟨o⟩ [o]	⟨ó⟩ [ɔʊ̯]	⟨ó⟩ [ʊ̯ɔ]	⟨ô⟩ [ɔʊ̯]
⟨u⟩ [u]	⟨ú⟩ [əɪ̯]	⟨y⟩ [y]	⟨û⟩ [əɪ̯]
⟨æ⟩ [æ]	⟨ǽ⟩ [æɪ̯]	⟨ǽ⟩ [i̯æ]	⟨æi⟩* [æɪ̯]
⟨ø⟩ [ø]	⟨ǿ⟩ [œɪ̯]	⟨ǿ⟩ [i̯œ]	⟨øi⟩* [œɪ̯]
⟨y⟩ [y]	⟨ý⟩ [yɪ̯]	⟨ý⟩ [i̯y]	⟨ŷ⟩ [yɪ̯]
⟨è⟩ [ə]	⟨è⟩ [ə]	⟨è⟩ [ə]	⟨è⟩ [ə]

The short vowels are the default vowel qualities anywhere in a word.

The "final" column refers to the position of the vowels at the end of a word (eg. kaniðé [ˈkaniðɛɪ̯]) and when there is no consonant after the vowel (eg. í [iɪ̯]).

The "primary medial" column refers to the position of the vowel within a word (eg. armán [ˈarmʊ̯an]) or at the beginning of a word when there is at least one other sound following (eg. ástur [ˈʊ̯astur]).

The "secondary medial" column refers to the position of the vowel that used to be word-final but it becomes word-medial when certain endings or suffixes are applied, such the formation of the middle voice (eg. kalló [ˈkatlɔʊ̯] becomes kallôst [ˈkatlɔʊ̯st]). Notice (*) the different spellings of ⟨ǿ⟩ and ⟨ǽ⟩ as ⟨øi⟩ and ⟨æi⟩, respectively.

[edit] [top]Consonants

Gutiskar has 21 recognised consonants.

Consonant	Variations and notes
⟨b⟩ [b]	pronounced as [b̥] when word-final or followed by a voiceless consonant
⟨d⟩ [d]	pronounced as [d̥] when word-final or followed by a voiceless consonant
⟨ð⟩ [ð]	pronounced as [ð̥] when word-final
⟨f⟩ [f]
⟨g⟩ [g]	pronounced as [ɣ] when in inter-vocalic positions, as [ɣ̊] or [ɡ̊] when word-final, and as [ɡ̊] followed by a voiceless consonant
⟨gw⟩ [gʷ]	simplified to ⟨g⟩ [g] when followed by consonants or certain diphthongs
⟨h⟩ [h]	usually pronounced as [h] but [x] is also acceptable; when in front of a consonant, especially at the end of a word, it turns into [ʰ] (preaspiration); pronounced as [x] when word-final; it becomes ⟨j⟩ [i̯] in certain environments
⟨ƕ⟩ [xʷ]	it becomes ⟨hv⟩ [xʋ] or [hʋ] when followed by certain diphthongs
⟨j⟩ [j]
⟨k⟩ [k]
⟨kw⟩ [kʷ]	simplified to ⟨k⟩ [k] when followed by consonants or certain diphthongs
⟨l⟩ [l]	when spelt ⟨ll⟩ it is pronounced as [tl]
⟨m⟩ [m]
⟨n⟩ [n]	pronounced as [ŋ] when followed by a velar or a glottal consonant
⟨p⟩ [p]
⟨r⟩ [r]
⟨s⟩ [s]
⟨t⟩ [t]
⟨v⟩ [v]	pronounced as [ʋ] when preceded by a voiceless consonant; usually becomes [u̯] or [ʊ̯] when preceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant (especially word-finally)
⟨z⟩ [z]	occurs only word-medially
⟨þ⟩ [þ]	usually becomes ⟨s⟩ [s] when followed by a voiceless consonant

[edit] [top]Runes

a á â b d ð e é ê è f g h ƕ i í î j k l m n o ó ô p r s t u ú û v y ý ŷ z þ æ ǽ ø ǿ
a á â b d ð e é ê è f g h ƕ i í î j k l m n o ó ô p r s t u ú û v y ý ü z þ æ ǽ ø ǿ

d d ð f g gw h ƕ j k l m n p q r s t v z þ
d d ð f g ğ h ƕ j k l m n p q r s t v z þ

✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article

Comments