1 Först lëkśon : Alfbayt & numeri.
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European, phonology, alphabet and numbers.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 16 Jul 2019, 14:34.
[comments] eueeuropeaneuropiskalessonlessonslesson 1phonologyalphabetnumbernumbers
6. Tëkst 1 : Hëj !
?
?
...is an auxiliaire language based on many natural languages, very known, or less, for exemple :
Indo-European
→ Germanic languages
Old Francic, Old Norse, Swedish, Nynorsk, Bokmål, Danish, Icelandic, Anglo-Saxon, Middle English, Dutch, Faroese, West Flemish, Afrikaans, Saterland Frisian, Yiddish, Wymysorys...
→ Latin languages Latin, Old French, Old Spanish, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Old Occitan, Occitan, Picard, Walloon, Corsican, Romansh, Celtiberian...
→ Slavic languages Old Slavic, Serbian, Slovenian, Polish, Russian, Czech...
→ Baltic languages Latvian, Lithuanian.
Finno-Ugric → Finnic languages Finnish, Estonian, Vepse, Võro, Livonian, Northern Sami...
→ Ugric languages Magyar(Hungarian).
... And some other languages : Ancient-Greek, Persian, Hebrew, Kikuyu, or Tahitian...
→ Latin languages Latin, Old French, Old Spanish, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Old Occitan, Occitan, Picard, Walloon, Corsican, Romansh, Celtiberian...
→ Slavic languages Old Slavic, Serbian, Slovenian, Polish, Russian, Czech...
→ Baltic languages Latvian, Lithuanian.
Finno-Ugric → Finnic languages Finnish, Estonian, Vepse, Võro, Livonian, Northern Sami...
→ Ugric languages Magyar(Hungarian).
... And some other languages : Ancient-Greek, Persian, Hebrew, Kikuyu, or Tahitian...
However, the objective is, before all, to be understood by peoples speaking an European language (Basque is excluded).
The inventory size of European is large, but there exist some free variants and allophones as following :
Free variants
| Tipic variants | Standards |
|---|---|
| /c/ ; /q/ | /k/ |
| /ɢ/ | /g/ |
| /ɸ/ | /f/ |
| /ʋ/ ; /β/ | /v/ |
| /ɕ/ | /ʃ/ |
| /ʑ/ | /ʒ/ |
| /t͡ɕ/ | /t͡ʃ/ |
| /ʟ/ ; /ɫ/ | /l/ |
Allophones
| /ɔ/ | /o/ |
For more details :
European European uses the latin alphabet extend and owns 33 letters ; 10 vowels, 2 semi-vowels, and 21 consonants.
The names of alphabet letters of European come from the Proto-Sinaitic script (Proto-Canaanite), Phoenician, and Hebrew, but haven't got meanings in European.
| Majuscules | Minuscules | IPA | Names | Exemples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | a | /a/ | Alpu | RataSpanish |
| Ä | ä | /æ/ | Älef1 | CatEnglish |
| E | e | /e/ | Hew2 | MesaPortuguese |
| Ë | ë | /ɛ/ | Hë3 | BedDutch |
| I | i | /i/ | Iadu4 | TipoSpanish |
| O | o | /o/ | Oynu5 | TodoSpanish |
| Ö | ö | /ø/ | Öyin6 | YöFinnish |
| U | u | /u/ | Uāv7 | CuraSpanish |
| Y | y | /y/ | Yāw8 | YksiFinnish |
| Å | å | /ɔ/ | Hållu9 | VolDutch |
Älef1 : Come from the Hebrew "Ālef", derived of the Proto-Sinaitic script "Alpu"(Beef).
Hew2 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "Haw"(Window).
Hë3 : Come from the Phoenician "Hē", derived of the Proto-Sinaitic script "Haw"(Window).
Iadu4 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "Yadu"(Arm).
Oynu5 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "ʿaynu"(Eye).
Öyin6 : Come from the Phoenician "ʿayin", derived of the Proto-Sinaitic script "ʿaynu"(Eye).
Uāv7 : Come from the Hebrew "Vāv", derived of the Proto-Sinaitic script "Wāwu"(Hook).
Yāw8 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "Wāwu"(Hook).
Hållu9 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "Hallu"(Jubilation).
All those specific modifications has been made to match the consistance sought by European and can be explain linguistically by lenition or other processes.
| Majuscules | Minuscules | IPA | Names | Exemples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | b | /b/ | Baytu | AbackEnglish |
| C | c | /t͡s/ | Cīmel1 | TeaEnglish |
| Ć | ć | /t͡ʃ/, [t͡ɕ] | Ćadu2 | LeachEnglish |
| D | d | /d/ | Daltu | DayEnglish |
| F | f | /f/, [ɸ] | Fāwu3 | FillEnglish |
| G | g | /g/, [ɢ] | Gamlu | GaggleEnglish |
| H | h | /h/ | Haytu | HighEnglish |
| J | j | /j/ | Jōd4 | YouEnglish |
| K | k | /k/ | Kapu | KissEnglish |
| L | l | /l/, [ʟ] | Lamdu | LoveEnglish |
| M | m | /n/ | Mayim | HimEnglish |
| N | n | /k/ | Nunu | MonthEnglish |
| Ñ | ñ | /ɲ/ | Ñahśu5 | EnseñarSpanish |
| P | p | /p/ | Pu | PackEnglish |
| R | r | /r/ | Rasu | PerroSpanish |
| S | s | /s/ | Sinnu6 | SandEnglish |
| Ś | ś | /ʃ/, [ɕ] | Śin | SheepEnglish |
| T | t | /t/ | Tawu | TwoEnglish |
| V | v | /v/, [β], [ʋ] | Vāv | ValvEnglish |
| W | w | /w/ | Wāwu | WeepEnglish |
| X | x | /ks/ | Samku | FluxusLatin |
| Z | z | /z/ | Zaynu | ZooEnglish |
| Ź | ź | /ʒ/, [ʑ] | Źayin7 | VisionEnglish |
Cīmel1 : Come from the Phoenician "Gīmel", derived of the Proto-Sinaitic script "Gamlu"(Stick).
Ćadu2 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "Ṣadu"(Plant).
Fāwu3 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "Wāwu"(Hook).
Jōd4 : Come from the Phoenician "Yōd", derived of the Proto-Sinaitic script "Yadu"(Arm).
Ñahśu5 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "Naḥšu"(Snake).
Sinnu6 : Come from the Proto-Sinaitic script "Šinnu"(Tooth).
Źayin7 : Come from the Phoenician "Zayin", derived of the Proto-Sinaitic script "Zaynu"(Weapon).
All those specific modifications has been made to match the consistance sought by European and can be explain linguistically by lenition or other processes.
| Standard order | Aa | Ää | Bb | Cc | Ćć | Dd | Ee | Ëë | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Ññ | Oo | Öö | Pp | Rr | Ss | Śś | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz | Źź | Åå |
|---|
There is not official order, but this order stays standard, thereby commonly use.
European numeral system uses the base 10.
In European there are two manners to count 0, 10, 14, 400, 100 and 4000, respectively :
→ "Noll" and "Sero",
→ "Deksa" and "Kymme",
→ "Kwetteista" and "Förjateista",
→ "Kwetsuta" and "Förja suta".
→ "Tusant" and "Mil"
→ "Kwet mil" and "Förtusant".
In black, basic forms.
In blue, regular forms.
In red, irregular forms.
In green, affix of the ordinal forms to add compared to the cardinal forms.
Numeral cardinal adjectives
| Noll | 0 | 10 | Deksa | Sero | 00 | 000 | Noll/Sero | Noll/Sero | 0000 | 100 | Önk | NSDT | 1010 | 100 | Önk | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Önk | 1 | 11 | Elf | Kymme | 10 | 100 | Suta | Tusant/Mil | 1000 | 101 | Deksa/Kymme | NSDT | 1011 | 10-1 | Deksesim | |||
| Dwå | 2 | 12 | Dwålf | Dwånzek | 20 | 200 | Dwå suta | Dwå tusant(/mil) | 2000 | 102 | Suta | Dwiljon | 1012 | 10-2 | Sutesim | |||
| Toru | 3 | 13 | Toruteist(a) | Torukymment(a) | 30 | 300 | Toru suta | Toru tusant(/mil) | 3000 | 103 | Tusant/Mil | NSDT | 1013 | 10-3 | Milesim | |||
| Kwetförja | 4 | 14 | Kwetteista/Förjateista | Kwetförtymmenta | 40 | 400 | Kwetsuta/Förja suta | Kwet mil/Förtusant | 4000 | 104 | NSDT | NSDT | 1014 | 10-4 | NSDT | |||
| Vīz | 5 | 15 | Vīzteist(a) | Vīzkymment(a) | 50 | 500 | Vīs suta | Vīz tusant(/mil) | 5000 | 105 | NSDT | Dwiljard | 1015 | 10-5 | NSDT | |||
| Sūes | 6 | 16 | Sūesteist(a) | Sūeskymment(a) | 60 | 600 | Sūes suta | Sūes tusant(/mil) | 6000 | 106 | Miljon | NSDT | 1016 | 10-6 | Miljonesim | |||
| Seitse | 7 | 17 | Seitseteist(a) | Seitsekymment(a) | 70 | 700 | Seitse suta | Seitse tusant(/mil) | 7000 | 107 | NSDT | NSDT | 1017 | 10-7 | NSDT | |||
| Okto | 8 | 18 | Oktoteist(a) | Oktokymment(a) | 80 | 800 | Okto suta | Okto tusant(/mil) | 8000 | 108 | NSDT | Toriljon | 1018 | 10-8 | NSDT | |||
| Nov | 9 | 19 | Novteist(a) | Novkymment(a) | 90 | 900 | Nov suta | Nov tusant(/mil) | 9000 | 109 | Miljard | NSDT | 1019 | 10-9 | Miljardesim |
Numeral ordinal adjectives
| 10th | Kymnes | 100 | Primer/Först | NSDT | 1010 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primer/Först | 1st | 11th | Elft | Kymnes | 10th | 100th | Sudas | Tuhannes/Milea | 1000th | 101 | Kymnes | NSDT | 1011 | |||
| Segond | 2nd | 12th | Dwålft | Dwånzekt | 20th | 200th | Dwassudas | Dwas tuhannes(/milea) | 2000th | 102 | Sudas | Dwiljonelea | 1012 | |||
| Toras | 3rd | 13th | Torasteist(a) | Toraskymnes | 30th | 300th | Torassudas | Toras tuhannes(/milea) | 3000th | 103 | Tuhannes/Milea | NSDT | 1013 | |||
| Kwetförjas | 4th | 14th | Förjasteist | Kwetförta(s)mnes | 40th | 400th | Kwetsudas/Förjassudas | Kwet milea/Förtuhannes | 4000th | 104 | NSDT | NSDT | 1014 | |||
| Vīzas | 5th | 15th | Vīzasteist(a) | Vīzaskymnes | 50th | 500th | Vīzassudas | Vīzas tuhannes(/milea) | 5000th | 105 | NSDT | Dwiljardelea | 1015 | |||
| Sūesas | 6th | 16th | Sūesasteist(a) | Sūesaskymnes | 60th | 600th | Sūesassudas | Sūesas tuhannes(/milea) | 6000th | 106 | Miljonelea | NSDT | 1016 | |||
| Seitsas | 7th | 17th | Seitsasteist(a) | Seitsaskymnes | 70th | 700th | Seitsassudas | Seitsas tuhannes(/milea) | 7000th | 107 | NSDT | NSDT | 1017 | |||
| Oktas | 8th | 18th | Oktasteist(a) | Oktaskymnes | 80th | 800th | Oktassudas | Oktas tuhannes(/milea) | 8000th | 108 | NSDT | Toriljonelea | 1018 | |||
| Novas | 9th | 19th | Novasteist(a) | Novaskymnes | 90th | 900th | Novassudas | Novas tuhannes(/milea) | 9000th | 109 | Miljardelea | NSDT | 1019 |
There is a real different between "Primer" and "Först" :
"Primer" is a term that defined a preconceived list of which we know in advance its outcome.
"Först" is a term used to mark the fact that we do not know the exact number of entities in the list at the time of its conception.
Furthermore, it may be that we have planned a list of 9 lessons, in this case, we will say "Primer", however, in case we have the idea to finally introduce a 10th, which was not planned,
it is possible to indicate it also by changing infix "as" by "äs". But, it's impossible for "Segond", "Dwålft", "Dwånzekt", and all derived of "Four" (itself excluded of this exception ; Kwetförjäs).
| Known list | Kymnes | Sudas | Tuhannes | Milea | Miljonelea | Miljardelea | Et cætera |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown list | Kymnäs | Sudäs | Tuhannäs | Mileä | Miljoneleä | Miljardeleä | Et cæterä |
Anyway, this formulation is mostly written.
NSDT : Not specific defined term (but can be structured by other terms, exemple : 105 = Suta tusant or 100 000th = Sudas tuhannes)
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Inspired by kayke and his lesson #1 on the
Future Frsel.Inspired by r2conlanger and his lesson #1 on the
Jodum.Inspired by mousefire55 and his lesson #1 on the
Yaharan.Inspired by Castillerian and his lesson #1 on the
Adenish.Inspired by Egil and his lesson on the numbers of the
Ukamayan (old).Inspired by Vulcanman and his lesson on the numbers of the
Shikathi.Inspired by phi2dao and his lesson on the grammar of the
Nuim.2 Segond lëkśon : Pronomi & vërbi åv sö primer grup.
The next lesson will focus on the pronouns and the verbs.
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