Lesson #2
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Welcome to verb hell.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 30 Jun 2023, 20:50.
[comments] ztrlessonslesson 2
5. Setarian Overview
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6. Setarian Songs
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8. Updates to ZTR
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?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
WIP / 2023
In short : affixes all the way down.
The Order:
All affixes are ordered- negation comes first, then causative, passive, past tense, and finally the mood affixes. (I am uncertain if mood affixes may be used at the same time.)
This order is the order in which they must be attached to a verb.
-vii -naina -sese -kutai -rura -xi -pa -no -t
All combined:
-vinaisekuruxi
-vinaisekuruxipano (illegal, conjunctive and mood affixes are mutually exclusive.)
-vii
A negation affix. The full version is -vii and the shortened version is -vi.
| Verb | Verb with Negation | Verb with Negation and other Affix(es). |
|---|---|---|
| tete /tete/ go | tetevwi /tetevi:/ not go | tetevikutai /tetevikɯtai/ did not go |
| hqwu /hjɯ:/ sleep | hqwuvwi /hjɯ:vi:/ not sleep | hqwuvinasekutai /hjɯ:vinasekɯtai/ was not made to sleep |
As you can see in the table, when further affixes are added -vii is shortened. -vii may also be shortened in casual speech; all affixes can.
-naina
The causative affix is -naina, with the short version reduced down to -nai.
emey (za) vana (ro) ozei.
emey (za) vana (ro) ozei.
/emeɪ za vana ɻo ozei/
(I) made the dog eat a bone.
-sese
The passive affix is -sese, with the short version reduced down to -se.
kemkai (wu) tafisese.
kemkai (uu) tashisese.
/kemkai ɯ: taʃisese/
I am cut | cuts I
-kutai
The past tense of something is -kutai, with shorted version as -ku.
kemkai - dearakutai.
kemkai - dearakutai.
/kemkai deaɻakɯtai/
As standard storytelling forms, -ku is always used with -kuxi, at least when beginning and setting a story- due to stories and myths being regarded as socially important and/or historical fact in many cases.
-rura
When in middle of doing something, -rura is used. The shortened casual form is -ru.
caen (za) kemkai - teterura.
caen (za) kemkai - teterura.
/kaen za kemkai teteɻɯɻa/
Instead of using it as an Adjective, the conjunctive form (see below) is used plus the particle (i).
Mood Suffixes
-xi
-pa
DUB
-no
INTERR
-t
A rather large work in progress- current rules will drop the last vowel and consonant, and replace it with -t.
mao = mat
One vowel gone.
deara = deat
One vowel and consonant gone.
No verbs- or almost none will end in a consonant.
-vii naina sese kutai xi pa no
-vinaisekuxipano
Short forms are all casually used too. Bam done.
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