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Kurtvel Tones and Pitch Accents
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Kurtvel is a language with tones and pitch accents. There are some rules which determine the tones of syllables and pitch accents of tones.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 8 Mar 2020, 02:41.

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In Kurtvel, each syllable has a tone, syllables fall into different types of syllables following different rules
Each type of syllable has one specific tone and cannot have two or more tones unless tone sandhi
Tones aren't written in Kurtvel IPA usually
In Kurtvel different dialects have different rules

Rules:
Western dialect(Standard)
-Any syllable with ā has a low pitch unless the syllable is "ām", in which it would have a falling pitch instead, this rule overrides the last pitch accent rule.
Example: darām /dɑ̄ræ̂m/

-"as" or "aš" has a rising pitch (lašti is an exception, in which it takes a mid pitch instead)
Example: ikčrakasskri /ɪ̄t͡ʃrɑ̄kɑ̌sskrɪ̀/

-Any open syllable has a mid tone
Example: prikamat /prɪ̄kɑ̄mɑ̀t/

-"ik" is always mid tone
Example: ikbajki /ɪ̄kbɑ̄jkì/

-"ar" has a falling pitch
Example: jarnas /d͡ʒɑ̂rnɑ̀s/

-"is", "ys, "iš" or "yš" has a high pitch
Example: kištiše /kɪ́ʃcɪ̄ʃə̀/

-In "iaš" the i takes a high tone while aš take a low tone
Example: tiaš /cɪ́ɑ̀ʃ/

-Any syllable ending with č,ż,ž,ń has a rising pitch
Example: vat /ɑ̌d͡ʒvɑ̀t/

-Any syllable ending with ñ has a low pitch
Example: puruñna /púrùŋnɑ̀/

-Any syllable with b',d',g',p' directly in front of the vowel has a rising pitch
Example: k'aprakas /kʰɑ̌prɑ̄kɑ̀s/

-Any syllable ending with t or d has a high pitch
Example: xadstudnikas /xɑ̄dstúdnɪ̄kɑ̀s/

-Any syllable starting with h or x has a mid pitch, and the following syllable has a high pitch
Example: honglakas /hɔ̄nglɑ́kɑ̀s/

-Any syllable ending with m has a rising pitch, does not apply to "ām"
Example: vamkatiš /vɑ̌mkɑ̄cɪ̀ʃ/

-Any syllable not applicable to these rules has a mid pitch

-If a falling pitch syllable is in front of another syllable which is not a low pitch syllable, the falling pitch syllable takes the same pitch as the other one, if 2 falling pitch syllables are next to each other, the first one becomes a mid pitch and the 2nd one becomes a low pitch

-When 2 rising pitch syllables are next to each other, the first one will become a low pitch instead

-If a syllable is surrounded by high pitch syllables the syllable also becomes high tone

-If the first syllable of a word is preceding a low pitch syllable it becomes high pitch, does not apply to the rule "Any syllable ending with č,ż,ž,ń has a rising pitch" and ""ar" has a falling pitch"

-Every last syllable of a word has a high pitch unless the word ends with a schwa (this is what makes people think Kurtvel has an ultimate stress pattern)

-The last syllable of a sentence or a phrase has a low pitch, this applies to reading words individually as well, unless the word is monosyllabic in which it will have a falling pitch instead

-The higher the rule is on the list the easier it is to be overriden

Eastern dialect: They do not have tones, all words have primary stress

Southern dialect: They do not have tones, but they have a pitch accent system

Adjectives all have a high-low-low pitch accent
Examples: váižïàkàs, vrókàs

Nouns with nasal vowels have a low-low-high-low pitch accent
Examples: ą̀švímë̀, ą̀nášì

Nouns without nasal vowels have a mid-mid-low pitch accent
Examples: iččrkrësskrì, zadralë̀

Verbs have a fall-mid-fall pitch accent
Examples: zë̂wpjâš, skrîč, vâmkatîš

ONLY the most important part/stressed part of a phrase/sentence has a pitch accent

Northern dialect:It is pretty similar to the western one, except that if multiple syllables with the same tone are together, any odd syllable will be stressed or lengthened, while the even syllables become ë or ï. Also, "as"/"aš" carry a mid tone instead of a rising tone.

Examples: ičrakasskriči zaapracvišti (īčwëkāsskrïčí zāëprācvíštï̀) /īːt͡ʃʷəkā:sskr̙̥ɪt͡ɕí zāːəpɽɑ̄ːt͡svíɕcɪ̀/
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