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Adjectives and Adverbs
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 25 Jan 2019, 23:30.

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Menu 1. Intro to Nieren Adjectives and Adverbs 2. Placement: Predicative or Descriptive 3. Regular Adjectives 4. Derived Adjectives 5. Nominal Adjectives 6. Temporal Adjective Forms
[top]Intro to Nieren Adjectives and Adverbs

There are three types of adjectives in Nieren: Plain, Derived, and Nominal.

Plain adjectives all end in -a.
Derived adjectives are a motley bunch and do not follow normal adjective rules. Many of these stem from the genitive form of some nouns (see deúren).
Nominal adjectives are formed from nouns with the suffix '-(j)é'

Regular adjectives must agree with the noun in number. Adjectives may also take three different forms related to 'tense': past, present and future.

[top]Placement: Predicative or Descriptive


Adjectives in Nieren can be classified as predicative or descriptive depending on their placement in relation to the noun they are modifying.

Predicative adjectives follow a copula (usually 'to be'). E.g. in the English sentence, "I am blue", the word 'blue' would be considered predicative.

In predicative form, adjectives ending in -a are elongated to -ah. Predicative adjectives do not take on copulative suffixes.

Ú isgirúk mantśahk
The children are young.

[top]Regular Adjectives

Adjectives must agree in number:
singular has no suffix, but plural requires final -k.

[top]Derived Adjectives

NTS: write separate article on adjective derivations (diminutive, occupation, etc);

[top]Nominal Adjectives

Nominal adjectives or noun adjuncts are generally nouns that describe another noun. This is comparable to the English "chicken soup" or "football player".

Noun adjuncts are formed in Nieren by the suffix "-(h)é":
movrané tulxi = chicken soup


[top]Temporal Adjective Forms

Temporal adjective forms are used to describe a noun relative to the tense of the main clause. Temporal forms do not denote anything about the main clause.

Past form: adj-stem + ó (e.g. guva -> guvó)
Present form: adj-stem + a (e.g. guva)
Future form: adj-stem + aj (e.g. guvaj)

Consider the following examples and explanations:

Generally the future form of an adjective conveys a sense of potentiality, that is the noun described has the potential to be as it is described.

Guvaj ú bun úhkambeh vs. Guva ú bun úhkambeh


The first illustrates the fact that you believe the bread will be good vs you knowing that the bread is good beforehand (imagine homemade vs name brand).

Guvó ú bunov kabaś vs. Guva ú bunov kabaś vs. Guvaj ú bunov kabaś


The first suggests that you want the bread that was once tasty but is now not. The second sentence conveys the sense that you want the bread that is currently tasty. The third sentence suggests that you want the bread and you hope that it will be tasty by the time you get it OR the bread that you suppose is tasty but you are not sure.
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