Onkomi Syntax
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 31 Aug 2015, 04:05.
[comments] fx1syntax
1. Onkomi Morphology
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2. Onkomi Numbers
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3. Onkomi Syntax
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Feluxian is, at the most basic level, verb-initial* and head-initial. The basic word order is SOV, which can be changed if cases are marked, which do not have to be in SOV. Questions use OSV. Adjectives, numerals, and relative clauses are all preceded by their nouns.
* Excepting the instrumental case.
To help with readability and understandability and all that, words in example sentences will be colour coded, using this system:
Agent / Subject (AGNAgentive (case)
active or volitional case) | Patient / Object (PTNPatientive (case)
passive or nonvolitional case) | Instrument (INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using') | Verb / Action
The basic word order is SOV. It is assumed that this is the order you mean if you don't mark cases. Word order can be changed around with case marking.
Questions use OSV order. Typically they will take case marking to disambiguate, and have a rising intonation. In formal speech a question particle, nka [ᵑka], can be placed immediately after the verb to make it completely clear.
The instrumental case (INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using') is marked using word order. Nouns placed after the verb are assumed to be in the instrumental case. There is no other way of marking this case. When case is marked on other nouns they can be placed after the verb but must come after the noun in the instrumental case. In informal speech, the instrumental case is often used as a substitute for the patientive case (PTNPatientive (case)
passive or nonvolitional case):
Mōdo fura adonit.
2Second person (person)
addressee (you).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.AGNAgentive (case)
active or volitional case 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.PTNPatientive (case)
passive or nonvolitional case hit.PTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action
You hit me
Mōdo adonit fura.
2Second person (person)
addressee (you).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.AGNAgentive (case)
active or volitional case hit.PTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using'
You hit me (lit. you hit using me).
Potato potato potato.
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