Mesyar Syntax
▲
0▲ 0 ▼ 0
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 16 May 2020, 18:22.
[comments] mklsyntaxsentencegrammarmorphology
3. Basic Sentences
?
?
7. Conculture
?
?
8. Gender in Mesyar
?
?
9. Mesyar Grammar
?
?
10. Mesyar Havoc
?
?
11. Mesyar Idioms
?
?
12. Mesyar Syntax
?
?
13. Naergåo Någizel
?
?
17. Pronunciation
?
?
18. Riåsår Zåçael
?
?
19. Stressing in Mesyar
?
?
20. Survival Phrases
?
?
21. Syntax Test Cases
?
?
22. The Verb "To Be"
?
?
23. Verbs - Present Tense
?
?
?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Mesyar holds a SVO structure for the most part, but there are many exceptions, or rather, occasions in which other structures are used, such as SOV, OSV, VOS, and R(eflexive)V.
For the purpose of this article, I will not breakdown every morphological aspect and grammatical form of each word I use, I will just emphasize on those that are relevant to the example I am trying to portray.
SVO is used in most sentences, and in which, some may be directly portrayed as VO since the verb already marks the person and number.
Le beiryo pole be gulgo. ⟶ DEFDefinite
"the" wizard cast(do).3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PASPast
action occurred before moment of speech INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity spell ⟶ "The wizard cast a spell."
Pole be gulgo. ⟶ cast(do).3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PASPast
action occurred before moment of speech INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity spell ⟶ "He cast a spell."
SOV is then present when the object is affixed to the verb instead of maintaining it as a separate word. Again, the possibility of OV remains since the pronoun may be dropped.
Be eyayiçe çitjåza. ⟶ INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent tribeman 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.OBJObject (argument).hunt.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.FUTFuture (tense)
action occurring after the moment of speech ⟶ "A tribeman will hunt it."
Çitjåza. ⟶ 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.OBJObject (argument).hunt.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.FUTFuture (tense)
action occurring after the moment of speech ⟶ "He will hunt it."
The sentence structure OSV is only present in one of the two possible forms of active voice (låar and låza, låza in this case). The order is altered following the same hierarchy within each constituent of the sentence, the only difference is the need to include the particle 'nan' at the end. That way, the object is emphasized without taking importance off of the subject.
Uçulbarår le dudje pådule nan. ⟶ 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.POSSGPossessed (case)
marks being owned.OBJObject (argument).assasination DEFDefinite
"the" king dictate.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PASPast
action occurred before moment of speech EEpenthetic
something 'meaningless' inserted for structural reasons ⟶ "The king dictated his assasination."
Check the possession portion of the article to understand the possession within the sentence.
VOS sentence structure is only present in strict adjectival sentences without prepositions. This sentence structure requires a modification of the copular verb and subject noun, these changes can be read in Mesyar's grammar article.
Çun yuefihå le mimekona goyå ⟶ be.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.UKNWUnknown gender (gender)
large or unknown things.FUTFuture (tense)
action occurring after the moment of speech dangerous.ANMLAnimal (gender/class)
nonhuman animal.VISVisible (proximity)
thing within sight.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity DEFDefinite
"the" cat.EEpenthetic
something 'meaningless' inserted for structural reasons.PREPresent black.ANMLAnimal (gender/class)
nonhuman animal.VISVisible (proximity)
thing within sight.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity ⟶ "The black cat is dangerous."
R(eflexive)V is a sentence structure that occurs with reflexive sentences used in mediopassive voice. It is possible to show a reflexive statement through SVO; however, through yåar (mediopassive voice), the sentence structure changes with a few noun modifications described in Mesyar's grammar article.
Le emåton eyiha. ⟶ DEFDefinite
"the" warrior.MEDPMediopassive (voice)
passive, reflexive, and/or middle voice punch.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PREPresent ⟶ "The warrior punches himself."
There are three possible negations in Mesyar: action negation, descriptor negation, and noun negation.
Meu is an adverb used to negate nouns whether with a verb or not in the sentence, and the affix nol- is used to negate descriptions through adjectives or actions through verbs. The determiner mol can be used to determine a noun similarly to the word "none" in English.
Nolu! Meu le hagur ugån nolebåtul tabayå nolsuasbåel. ⟶ no NEGNegative (polarity)
not DEFDefinite
"the" dog that NEGNegative (polarity)
not.eat.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PREPresent food NEGNegative (polarity)
not.cook.PCPParticiple
adjectival form of a verb.NVISNon visible (proximity)
Thing out of sight.INInanimate (gender/class)
for non-living things.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity ⟶ "No! Not the dog that doesn't eat uncooked food."
Comparisons between words are done through an adjective declension and the addition of the English equivalent of the conjunction "than," in Mesyaår, "nu." Comparisons can either show the entities being compared in the sentence, or just show the entity being described and directly stating the comparative adjective without the need to use "nu."
In Mesyaår, adjectives can be conjugated to show comparativeness in two ways: positive or augmentative comparison, or negative or degradative comparison.
| COMPComparative (comparison) e.g. 'better' | -åçå |
|---|---|
| NCOMPNegative comparative (comparison) less than | -åç |
If the adjective is being used in its comparative form (either of the two types), it does not change any further independently of the number, animacy or any other agreement with the noun that would be necessary.
Mel kimdo ube yiåçå nu koimdo. ⟶ 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.POSSGPossessed (case)
marks being owned.ADJAdjectival
syntactic shoe be.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PREPresent small.COMPComparative (comparison)
e.g. 'better' than shoe.2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).POSSGPossessed (case)
marks being owned ⟶ "My shoe is smaller than your shoe."
Mel kudja ube yiåç nu koudja. ⟶ 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.POSSGPossessed (case)
marks being owned.ADJAdjectival
syntactic foot be.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PREPresent small.NCOMPNegative comparative (comparison)
less than than foot.2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).POSSGPossessed (case)
marks being owned ⟶ "My foot is less smaller than your foot."
(Emphasis on the smallness of the other person's foot and the overall smallness of both of their feet)
Verbal comparisons are done with the adposition "lao" right after the verb.
Ebåtul lao be gandura li. ⟶ eat.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PREPresent like INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent cow EEpenthetic
something 'meaningless' inserted for structural reasons ⟶ "He eats like a cow."
Delimitative comparisons between noun and noun or verb and noun are done with the circumpositive conjuction "ça ... lao" where the comparative adjective is placed in between. In this case, the adjective is conjugated according to their noun and not with any comparative declension. Since the circumposition does not act as an adposition but rather a conjuction, the adposition particle "li" is not employed.
Le hafdar ube ça etjet lao be okor. ⟶ DEFDefinite
"the" bread be.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PREPresent as hard.INInanimate (gender/class)
for non-living things.VISVisible (proximity)
thing within sight.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity as INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent rock ⟶ "The bread is as hard as a rock."
The imperative is a tense in itself in Mesyar with a jussive mood that only works for the present tense. It works with its own conjugation. In order to conjugate a verb in an imperative mood in a future tense, the future simple conjugation would be used.
| 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive) | -ten |
|---|---|
| 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you) | -te |
| 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural) | -tein |
| 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive).SPIRSpiritual (gender/class) deities, celestial beings | akaçia -bata |
| 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you).SPIRSpiritual (gender/class) deities, celestial beings | akaçia -bater |
| 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural).SPIRSpiritual (gender/class) deities, celestial beings | akaçia -sowar |
Zetein lei emer. ⟶ write.2PSecond person plural (person)
addressee (plural).IMPImperative (mood)
command DEFDefinite
"the".INSTCInstrumental-comitative (case)
'with' (instrument and/or company) pen ⟶ "Write with the pen."
Imperative negations work by a grammatical rule called Åamer Tåiyel.
Within the hierarchical organization of clauses in Mesyaår, there is no specific order for the main and subordinate clause, so either could go first or last independently without altering the overall meaning of the sentence.
Dabaririen kabåtul klas ån kayugra kawobe namla li. ⟶ should.1PFirst person plural (person)
we (inclusive or exclusive).CONDConditional (mood)
would INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb.eat now to INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb.be-able INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb.play later EEpenthetic
something 'meaningless' inserted for structural reasons ⟶ "We should eat now to be able to play later."
Ån kayugra kawobe namla, dabaririen kabåtul klas li. ⟶ to INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb.be-able INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb.play later should.1PFirst person plural (person)
we (inclusive or exclusive).CONDConditional (mood)
would INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb.eat now EEpenthetic
something 'meaningless' inserted for structural reasons ⟶ "To be able to play later, we should eat now."
Mesyaår is strongly head-intial. Noun phrases are consistently head-initial, and so are verb phrases when the subject is omitted. However there are some variations depending on the sentence order. Adjectival phrases may be head initial, final or medial, in a similar manner to English depending on its attributes. The hierarchy of adjectival phrases is the following:
Prepositional phrases tend to be postdependents, but they may also be predependents depending on intended meaning or emphasis.
Båtudu he le uin li. ⟶ eat.1PFirst person plural (person)
we (inclusive or exclusive).PREPresent at DEFDefinite
"the" two EEpenthetic
something 'meaningless' inserted for structural reasons ⟶ "We (will) eat at two o'clock."
He le uin båtudu li. ⟶ at DEFDefinite
"the" two eat.1PFirst person plural (person)
we (inclusive or exclusive).PREPresent EEpenthetic
something 'meaningless' inserted for structural reasons ⟶ "At two o'clock, we (will) eat."
✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
Comments
