Deriving Snjela & Handil
▲
0▲ 0 ▼ 0
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 23 Sep 2017, 23:39.
[comments] snlhdl
?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Dates given after specific sound changes are estimates of when those changes were complete (i.e. present in everyone's speech) to guide my word-loaning.
Loss of Word-Initial /ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg/
ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg > b d g / #_
Palatization
k ᵑg > ɕ ⁿdʑ / i_
500
First Monophthongization
ei ui > ē ū
ou > ō
Resonant-Conditioned Syncope
V[+short] > ∅ / {l r}_C[+stop-prenasalized]
Stress stays penult.
600
s/h Merger
s > h
Second Monophthongization
{ai au} > ā
oi > ō
700
Loss of Vowel Length
{a e o} > ə
V: > V
h Loss
h > ∅ / _V
h > :∅ / _{#,C}
800
Conditional ŋ/n Merger
ŋ > n / #_
Final Schwa Loss
Only occurs after ungeminate, unclustered consonants.
ə > ∅ / V(:)C_#
900
Fricativization of w,j
w j > β ʑ
Introduction of Retroflexes
tr dr > ʈr ɖr
rt rd rn > ʈ ɖ ɳ
1050
Hiatus Vowel Assimilation/Final Diphthong Smoothing
u > w / _{i a ə e o}
i > j / _{u a ə e o}
Any two vowels in hiatus assimilate into a long version of the second vowel
V¹V² > V²:
Intervocalic Stop Fricativization
p t ʈ k > f s ʂ h / V_V
1100
Final r,l Syncope
Does not affect diphthongs.
V > ∅ / (#,V){p t k b d g mb nd ŋg}_{r l}
Schwa Shift
ə(:) > a(:)
s-Conditioned Syncope
Only occurs to non-initial & non-final vowels. Does occur before voiceless clusters.
{i u} > ∅ / Vs_{p{r l ∅} t{r l ∅} k{r l ∅} m n ŋ}(²)V
sm sn sŋ > mm nn ŋŋ
1300
Pre-Consonantal r/l Merger
r > l / _C
Loss of Consonant Gemination
Except for nasal consonants! Those are exempted.
C: > C ! {m n ŋ}
1400
ft pt mn Syncope
V > ∅ / Vm_nV
V > ∅ / Vf_tV
V > ∅ / Vp_tV
Word-Initial Vowel Loss
Short vowels deleted if unstressed and not preceded by a consonant. Does not occur if vowel was followed by {r,l}. If vowel was followed by a prenasalized stop, that stop loses nasalization allophonically.
V > ∅ / #_
1500
Retroflex Assimilation
s t d> ʂ ʈ ɖ / _{ʈ ɖ r}
Bilabial Cluster Simplification
{p f} > ∅ / u_C
{p f} > u / _C
mn > mm
Voicing of Stops Beside Resonants
p t k > b d g / {r l}_
1600
r Lenition
Dialectal variation:
In Southern Handil,
r > ɻ
In Northern Handil,
r > ∅ / {ʈ ɖ}_
Final palatization
{tj ʈj} {ɖj dj} > tɕ dʑ
Second Long Vowel Loss
e: o: > i u
i: u: > ai au
V: > V
1740
u Diphthong Shift
ou iu > u eu
1810
β shift
Dialectal variation:
In Southern Handil,
β > v
In Northern Handil,
β > b
1890
Palatal Deaffrication
tɕ dʑ > ɕ ʑ / ! {r l m n ŋ}_
Affricate devoicing
ʑ v > ɕ f
Allophonic Pre-Consonantal Vowel Laxing
e o > ɛ ɔ / _C
Word-Final Vowel Merger
Dialectal variation:
In Southern Handil,
ɛ ɔ > i u / _#
In Northern Handil,
{i ɛ} {u ɔ} > e o / _#
1923 (Spelling Reform)
Southern Vowel Shift
In Southern Handil,
ɔ a > a ə
Northern l-Loss
In Northern Handil,
l > u / {a ɛ ɔ}_C
1950
ŋgi-nji Merger
Dialectal variation:
In Southern Handil, especially the variety spoken around Ginaŋgat,
k g > tɕ dʑ /_i
Present day!
CATEGORIES:
L=āīōēūâîôêûæ
S=aioeuáíóéúə
U=âîôêûâîôêûǽǽ
Ó=áíóéúâîôêûǽǽ
Ọ=aioeuāīōēūəæ
O=aioeuāīōēūəæ
C=ptkbdgmnŋlrjwfshʈɖʂɳ
V=āīōēūâîêôûaioeuáíéóúəǽæ
T=tdsn
R=ʈɖʂɳ
P=ptʈk
F=fsʂh
N=mnŋɳ
M=ptkbdglrjwfshʈɖʂ
B=bdɖg
[nmŋ]//#_[bdg]
k/ɕ/i_
ŋg/ndʑ/i_
ei/ē/_
éi/ê/_
ui/ū/_
úi/û/_
ou/ō/_
óu/ô/_
[aiuoe]//[lr]_[ptk]
s/h/_
a[iu]/ā/_
á[iu]/â/_
o[iu]/ō/_
ó[iu]/ô/_
[aeo]/ə/_
L/S/_
h//_V
S/L/_h[C#]
h//_[C#]
ŋ/n/#_
ə//VC_#
w/β/_
j/ʑ/_
T/R/_r
T/R/r_
r//_R
u/w/_[āīōēâîêôaioeáíéóəæǽ]
i/j/_[āōēūâêôûaoeuáéóúəæǽ]
S/L/Ọ_
Ọ/U/Ó_
Ó/U/Ó_
V//_V
P/F/V_V
O//[([nmŋ])[ptkbdg]_[lr]
ə/a/_
ǽ/â/_
æ/ā/_
*/Now Old Handil/*
[iu]//Vs_[ptk]([lr])V
[iu]//Vs_[mnŋɳ]([mnŋɳ])V
N/N²/s_
s//_N
r/l/_C
M//_²
O//Vm_nV
O//Vf_tV
O//Vp_tV
O//#_
[nmŋ]//#_[bdg]
T/R/_R
T/R/_r
[pf]//u_C
[pf]/u/_C
mn/mm/_
P/B/[rl]_
*/Dialect Split Here/*
ij/uw Syncope
ij uw > j w / _V
First Palatization
s t ⁿd n > ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ / {i ī}_
Resonant-Conditioned Syncope
V[+short] > ∅ / {l r}[-geminate]_C
Introduction of Retroflexes
s t ⁿd n > ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ / _r
s t ⁿd n > ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ / r_
{lr rl:} > ɭ:
{rl lr:} > r:
Rhotic Lenition
r > ɻ / {#,V}_V
Geminate Consonant Loss
C: > C
Resonant Cluster Loss
r > ∅ / _C
l > ∅ / _C
First Syllable Syncope
Unless a word begins with a resonant or prenasalized consonant {l r m n ŋ ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg}, a short vowel in the first syllable of a word is deleted.
V[+short] > ∅ / #C[-resonant-nasal]_
Stress is still penultimate, don't fuss.
Palatal Assimilation
s t ⁿd n > ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ / _{j ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ}
ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ > ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ /_{j ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ}
s t ⁿd n > ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ / j_
j > ∅ / {ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ}_
Retroflex Assimilation
s t ⁿd n > ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ / _{ɻ ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ}
ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ > ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ / _{ɻ ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ}
ɻ > ∅ / {ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ}_
Dental Assimilation
ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ > s t ⁿd n / _{l s t ⁿd n}
ʂ ʈ ⁿɖ ɳ > s t ⁿd n / _{l s t ⁿd n}
First Cluster Simplification
h > ∅ / C_
h > ∅ / _C[obstruent]
ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg > m n ŋ / C_
j w > i u / #_C
r > ɻ / C_
Loss of Word-Initial /ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg/
ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg > m n ŋ / #_
Second Cluster Simplification
f > ∅ / _C[obstruent]
ɕ > s / _C
s > ɕ / _{ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ} -- possibly
p t k > ∅ / _{p t k}
m n ŋ > ∅ / {t ʈ tʲ}_
m n ŋ > n / {p k}_
f/h Merger
f > h
Third Cluster Simplifications
hl > ɬ
h > ∅ / _{ɭ ɻ r m n ŋ}
{r l} > ∅ / {m n ŋ}_
First Diphthong Smoothing
ei oi ui > ē ō ū
Loss of Vowel Length
i u e o > ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ
V: > V
Second Diphthong Smoothing
ai au ou > ɛ ɔ u
w-Cluster Simplification
w > ∅ / {p ᵐb m r l}_
ɬ/h Merger
ɬ > h
Final Cluster Simplifications
n > ∅ / {p k}_
Word-Final Lax Vowel Tensing
{ɪ ɛ} {ʊ ɔ} > e o / _#
Loss of ɛ
ɛ > e / {ɕ tʲ ⁿdʲ ɲ}_
ɛ > a
✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
Comments
