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Dinamei Kūrenkika
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Kurenki's verbs
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 12 Feb 2016, 23:29.

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Menu 1. Tense, mood and aspect 2. Pro-objects Kūrenki's verbs are rather simple. There are no conjugations, instead personal pronouns are added to the root as suffix. These are as follows:

SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
.
PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.
1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
-zi-zim
2Second person (person)
addressee (you)
-ze-zem
3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
-zu-zum


Ok, very easy so far. Remember the pattern: i for the first person, e for the second, u for the third, and m for the plural; these are also the basics of incorporated pro-objects in verbs as well as in nouns.
Word order is usually SVO, though it's free. Thus the verb follows the subjects and precedes the object and/or the adjective. For example:

Pake mārzu yānda.

pak--emār--zuyānda
foxANMLAnimal (gender/class)
nonhuman animal
.DEFDefinite
"the"
.
be3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
happy

The fox is happy.

[edit] [top]Tense, mood and aspect

Kurenki has 3 tenses and 8 moods, all represented by a suffix. Two of the moods, the negative and the interrogative, can be combined to the others.

SUFFIXMOODTENSE
ØInfinitive//
ØIndicativePast, Present, Future
-gu-ConditionalPast, Present
-nu-SubjunctivePresent
-su-CohortativePresent
-lu(b)-OptativePast, Present
-ru-InterrogativePast, Present, Future
-pu-NegativePast, Present, Future


It is a taboo to command in Kurenki, so the hortative is used to suggest or invite to do the action, instead of a more logical imperative (which of course doesn't exist).

The tenses are:
SUFFIX
PresentØ
Past-at-
Future-il-


And the order of the components of a verb is as follows:

roottensemoodpronounpro-object


For example I can say "I would have spoken to you (all)" in one word:

Kūr--at--gu--zi--tem
speakPSTPast (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech
.
CONDConditional (mood)
would
.
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
.
2PSecond person plural (person)
addressee (plural)
.DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location
.


Kūratguzitem.

Aspect is not encoded through affixes, but rather through a number of adverbs, such as iman "now" (progressive) and others, though the past tense marker might signal both perfect and imperfective aspects depending on the context.

[edit] [top]Pro-objects

To talk about pro-objects we must know two things: 1) the basics of incorporated pro-objects I explained at the biginning, and 2) Kurenki's case suffixes. These two combine to give us pro-objects, morphemes that substitute direct and indirect objects attaching themselves to the verb.
I'm not going to explain cases in this article, anyway (though one could derive them just by adding an a to the consonant root), so I'll just put another table:

1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you)
3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
GENGenitive (case)
possessive
-ki-ke-ku
DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location
-ti-te-tu
ABLAblative (case)
away from
-di-de-du
LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc
-ni-ne-nu
PERPerlative (case)
'through, along'
-bi-be-bu
COMComitative (case)
'together with'
-li-le-lu
ABEAbessive (case)
without
-si-se-su
ALLAllative (case)
'to, onto'
-mi-me-mu
ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient
-ri-re-ru


For the plural persons, just add -m.

Note that NOT ALL NOUN CASES correspond to pro-objects, in fact there are some more.

And that's it, for the moment.
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