Dinamei Kūrenkika
▲
0▲ 0 ▼ 0
Kurenki's verbs
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 12 Feb 2016, 23:29.
[comments] untaggedkurenkikk1verbverbsverbal morphologymorphology
1. Dinamei Kūrenkika
?
?
SGSingular (number) one countable entity. | PLPlural (number) more than one/few. | |
---|---|---|
1First person (person) speaker, signer, etc; I | -zi | -zim |
2Second person (person) addressee (you) | -ze | -zem |
3Third person (person) neither speaker nor addressee | -zu | -zum |
Ok, very easy so far. Remember the pattern: i for the first person, e for the second, u for the third, and m for the plural; these are also the basics of incorporated pro-objects in verbs as well as in nouns.
Word order is usually SVO, though it's free. Thus the verb follows the subjects and precedes the object and/or the adjective. For example:
Pake mārzu yānda.
pak- | -e | mār- | -zu | yānda |
fox | ANMLAnimal (gender/class) nonhuman animal.DEFDefinite "the". | be | 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee | happy |
The fox is happy.
Kurenki has 3 tenses and 8 moods, all represented by a suffix. Two of the moods, the negative and the interrogative, can be combined to the others.
SUFFIX | MOOD | TENSE |
---|---|---|
Ø | Infinitive | // |
Ø | Indicative | Past, Present, Future |
-gu- | Conditional | Past, Present |
-nu- | Subjunctive | Present |
-su- | Cohortative | Present |
-lu(b)- | Optative | Past, Present |
-ru- | Interrogative | Past, Present, Future |
-pu- | Negative | Past, Present, Future |
It is a taboo to command in Kurenki, so the hortative is used to suggest or invite to do the action, instead of a more logical imperative (which of course doesn't exist).
The tenses are:
SUFFIX | |
---|---|
Present | Ø |
Past | -at- |
Future | -il- |
And the order of the components of a verb is as follows:
root | tense | mood | pronoun | pro-object |
For example I can say "I would have spoken to you (all)" in one word:
Kūr- | -at- | -gu- | -zi- | -tem |
speak | PSTPast (tense) action occurred before moment of speech. | CONDConditional (mood) would. | 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I. | 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural).DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location. |
Kūratguzitem.
Aspect is not encoded through affixes, but rather through a number of adverbs, such as iman "now" (progressive) and others, though the past tense marker might signal both perfect and imperfective aspects depending on the context.
To talk about pro-objects we must know two things: 1) the basics of incorporated pro-objects I explained at the biginning, and 2) Kurenki's case suffixes. These two combine to give us pro-objects, morphemes that substitute direct and indirect objects attaching themselves to the verb.
I'm not going to explain cases in this article, anyway (though one could derive them just by adding an a to the consonant root), so I'll just put another table:
1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I | 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you) | 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee | |
---|---|---|---|
GENGenitive (case) possessive | -ki | -ke | -ku |
DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location | -ti | -te | -tu |
ABLAblative (case) away from | -di | -de | -du |
LOCLocative (case) 'in, on, at' etc | -ni | -ne | -nu |
PERPerlative (case) 'through, along' | -bi | -be | -bu |
COMComitative (case) 'together with' | -li | -le | -lu |
ABEAbessive (case) without | -si | -se | -su |
ALLAllative (case) 'to, onto' | -mi | -me | -mu |
ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient | -ri | -re | -ru |
For the plural persons, just add -m.
Note that NOT ALL NOUN CASES correspond to pro-objects, in fact there are some more.
And that's it, for the moment. Kūrenki's verbs are rather simple. There are no conjugations, instead personal pronouns are added to the root as suffix. These are as follows:✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
Comments