Entogan [GNO]
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Entogan
Èntoqèn [ɛ̀ntɔ́gɛ̀n]*
Èntoqèn [ɛ̀ntɔ́gɛ̀n]*
Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 19 June 2019
Language type
Not specified
Species
Human/humanoid
About Entogan
potential alphabetical order: l y e i k s t d w o a ź x ɣ ÿ n f u g b z ś m - ĺ ŋ ſſ
Sample of EntoganCan't find any yet.
Phonology
Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | Other | ||||||
Nasal | m | n1 [n̺ʷ]2 | [ŋ]3 | |||||||||
Plosive | p | [b]4 | t5 | d6 dˡ7 | k | g8 | ʔ9 | |||||
Fricative | ɸ10 | [β]11 | s12 s̺ʷ13 | z14 z̺ʷ | [x]15 | ɣ16 [ɣˠ]17 | ɦ18 | |||||
Affricate | k͡x | [g͡ɣ]19 | t͡ɬ | d͡ɮ | ||||||||
Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | ɮ | ||||||||||
Approximant | β̞ | j | ɰ |
- dental
- allophone of coda /n/ before other labialized apical consonants, allophone of /n/
- coda /n/ before velars, realization of /n.n/, allophone of /n/
- /p/, /β̞/ and /m/ after coda /m/; free variation with /β̞/
- dental
- dental
- more accurately [ɾl̩]
- velars are generally pronounced a bit forward in the mouth ([g̟])
- becomes a nasal after nasal vowels (sõ -a → sɔ.(n/m/ŋ)a)
- may be an approximant
- most commonly before u, l and m, allophone of /β̞/
- dental
- may be realized as whistled like in Shona.
- dental
- less common, but often written for simplicity, allophone of /k͡x/
- phonemic
- before l/wV; after e/a before d/n, allophone of /ɰ/
- drops after any consonant; phonemic status thus disputed. Romanization not spelled word-initially.
- allophone of /k͡x/
Vowels | Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |||||
Near-close | ɪ̃1 ɪ́2 ɪ̀ | ʊ̃3 ʊ́ ʊ̀4 | ||||||||
Close-mid | e̝:5 | ɤ̝:6 | ||||||||
Open-mid | ɛ́ ɛ̀ | ɔ́ ɔ̀ | ||||||||
Open | ä̃7 ä́ ä̀ |
- /e/ and /ɪ/ followed by /n/ before a pause, nasal, or /dˡ/
- may become merged with ś or ź to become a long, syllabic whistle increasing in frequency
- /ɔ/ and /ʊ/ followed by /n/ before a pause, nasal, or /dˡ/
- generally weakly rounded
- sequence /ij/ and /ej/; always spelled <iy>
- sequence /ʊɰ/ and /ɔɰ/; always spelled <ur>
- /a/ followed by /n/ before a pause, nasal, or /dˡ/
Syllable StructureCCVC (simple example) More specifically, the coda position can only be filled with -dl, -ll*, -y, -r, -m, -n, or, rarely, t*.
-n may become any other nasal depending on the following consonant, or nasalize the prior vowel word-finally; -m does not assimilate, although makes a following /p/V, /w/ and /m/ become /b/. Coda /n/ before another /n/ becomes [ŋ], and often the entire cluster is simply pronounced as /ŋ/.
/β/ and /m/ may appear after any fricative or plosive(/afficate) aside from /ʔ/, /d͡ɮ/, /z̺ʷ/, /s̺ʷ/, and consonants in the same family (bilabials; laterals) - with the exception of /m/, which may occur after bilabial/labial-alveolar fricatives but not after /t͡ɬ/
Glottal stops disappear after coda r, n, m, ll and dl. /h/ disappears after all codas (thus making it unclear if it's truly phonemic).
/ɰ/ undergoes fortition to /ɣ or /x/ before /l/ or /β/, after /a/, and after /e/ before coronal stops. It mutates to a plosive /g/ or /k/ after /a/ or /e/ before /β/ or a fricative, disappearing before velars and laterals. Back vowels merge with /ɰ/ into a new vowel, as do front vowels with /j/.
There do exist a few other exceptions. /sk/ appears as an onset in a few words. /ps/ appears as an onset in one word: (o)psi [not]. /t/ appears word-finally in four words (sèt, zèt, dat, mit); it is generally aspirated or fricated. Coda /ɮ/ is also rare, existing in a coda position in only a few words
-n may become any other nasal depending on the following consonant, or nasalize the prior vowel word-finally; -m does not assimilate, although makes a following /p/V, /w/ and /m/ become /b/. Coda /n/ before another /n/ becomes [ŋ], and often the entire cluster is simply pronounced as /ŋ/.
/β/ and /m/ may appear after any fricative or plosive(/afficate) aside from /ʔ/, /d͡ɮ/, /z̺ʷ/, /s̺ʷ/, and consonants in the same family (bilabials; laterals) - with the exception of /m/, which may occur after bilabial/labial-alveolar fricatives but not after /t͡ɬ/
Glottal stops disappear after coda r, n, m, ll and dl. /h/ disappears after all codas (thus making it unclear if it's truly phonemic).
/ɰ/ undergoes fortition to /ɣ or /x/ before /l/ or /β/, after /a/, and after /e/ before coronal stops. It mutates to a plosive /g/ or /k/ after /a/ or /e/ before /β/ or a fricative, disappearing before velars and laterals. Back vowels merge with /ɰ/ into a new vowel, as do front vowels with /j/.
There do exist a few other exceptions. /sk/ appears as an onset in a few words. /ps/ appears as an onset in one word: (o)psi [not]. /t/ appears word-finally in four words (sèt, zèt, dat, mit); it is generally aspirated or fricated. Coda /ɮ/ is also rare, existing in a coda position in only a few words
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Entogan. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
EntoganOrthography [edit] | |||||||||
'// | -/ʔ/1 | Aa/ä́/ | Àà/ä̀/ | Dd/d/2 | DL dl/dˡ/3 | Ee/ɛ́/ | Èè/ɛ̀/ | Ff/ɸ/4 | Gg/ɣ/5 |
GL gl/d͡ɮ/ | Hh/ɦ/6 | Ii/ɪ́/7 | Ìì/ɪ̀/ | Kk/k/ | Ll/l/ | LH lh/ɬ/ | LL ll/ɮ/ | Mm/m/ | Nn/n/8, [n̺ʷ]9 |
Ŋŋ[ŋ]10 | Oo/ɔ́/ | Òò/ɔ̀/ | Pp/p/ | Qq/g/11 | Rr/ɰ/, [ɣˠ]12 | Ss/s/13 | SS ss/s̺ʷ/14 | Tt/t/15 | TL tl/t͡ɬ/ |
Uu/ʊ́/ | Ùù/ʊ̀/16 | Ww/β̞/, [β]17 | Xx/k͡x/ | Yy/j/ | Zz/z/18 | ZZ zz/z̺ʷ/ | |||
✔ Shown in correct order [change] |
- becomes a nasal after nasal vowels (sõ -a → sɔ.(n/m/ŋ)a)
- dental
- more accurately [ɾl̩]
- may be an approximant
- phonemic
- drops after any consonant; phonemic status thus disputed. Romanization not spelled word-initially.
- may become merged with ś or ź to become a long, syllabic whistle increasing in frequency
- dental
- allophone of coda /n/ before other labialized apical consonants
- coda /n/ before velars, realization of /n.n/
- velars are generally pronounced a bit forward in the mouth ([g̟])
- before l/wV; after e/a before d/n
- dental
- may be realized as whistled like in Shona.
- dental
- generally weakly rounded
- most commonly before u, l and m
- dental