Proto-Island-Peninsula [PAP]
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+ shared with: [Deactivated User], [Deactivated User]
Language type
Proto-Conlang
Species
Human/humanoid
About Proto-Island-Peninsula
One of the proto-languages of the Šandula continent / world-building project.
LET'S GET TO 500!!!
Features
> Agglutinative
> VSO / SVO Word Order
=> VSO is the default word order, but SVO is commonly used to indicate an important noun or a topic of discussion
> Four Pronominal Persons
=> 1 (speaker), 2 (listener), 3 (non-listener), and 4 (obviated 3rd person)
> Poly-personal Marking
=> Subject and Direct Object
> 3 Nominal Cases, 4 Pronominal Cases
=> Nominal Cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive
=> Pronominal Cases: Nominative, Accusative, Possessive, Reflexive
> Verbs of Cognition in Transitive Sentences Take Their Subject in The Genitive / Possessive
> 2 Tenses, 3 Aspects, and 2 Voices
=> Past & Nonpast
=> Perfective, Imperfective, Repetitive
=> Active & Passive
LET'S GET TO 500!!!
Features
> Agglutinative
> VSO / SVO Word Order
=> VSO is the default word order, but SVO is commonly used to indicate an important noun or a topic of discussion
> Four Pronominal Persons
=> 1 (speaker), 2 (listener), 3 (non-listener), and 4 (obviated 3rd person)
> Poly-personal Marking
=> Subject and Direct Object
> 3 Nominal Cases, 4 Pronominal Cases
=> Nominal Cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive
=> Pronominal Cases: Nominative, Accusative, Possessive, Reflexive
> Verbs of Cognition in Transitive Sentences Take Their Subject in The Genitive / Possessive
> 2 Tenses, 3 Aspects, and 2 Voices
=> Past & Nonpast
=> Perfective, Imperfective, Repetitive
=> Active & Passive
Sample of Proto-Island-Peninsula[view] agir₂ wār₁yk bēn₁ā-bēn₁ā ew s₁us₁ar₂-s₁ar₂ā.
I like boys and girls.[view all texts]
I like boys and girls.[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treeIsland-Peninsula
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Proto-Island-Peninsula
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Proto-Island-Peninsula[view] About Island-PeninsulaThe languages spoken in the many islands and the large peninsula of southern Šandula.
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Labio- velar | Velar | ||||
| Nasal | m | n n̻ | ||||||
| Plosive | p pʰ | b | t t̻ tʰ t̻ʰ | d d̻ | k kʰ | g | ||
| Fricative | ɸ | β | s s̻ | z z̻ | x | |||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||
| Approximant | ɹ | w | ||||||
| Trill | ʙ̞ | |||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | i i: | u u: | ||||
| Close-mid | e e: | o o: | ||||
| Mid | ə ə: | |||||
| Open | a a: | |||||
Syllable StructureCV(L/C)
> Mandatory Onset
> V = A Vowel
> Either a Long Vowel OR a Coda Consonant; Never Both (excluding some derivational affixes)
> Mandatory Onset
> V = A Vowel
> Either a Long Vowel OR a Coda Consonant; Never Both (excluding some derivational affixes)
Stress informationPenultimate Stress, With Trochaic Rhythm. Stress Timed.
Other>As this is a reconstructed language, the actual distinction between the following consonant sets are not certain: 𝘛₁ / 𝘛₂ ([t₁], [d₁], [t₂], [d₂], [t₁ʰ], [t₂ʰ]), 𝘚₁ / 𝘚₂ ([s₁], [z₁], [s₂], [z₂]), [v₁] / [v₂], and [r₁] / [r₂]. The laminal/apical distinction given in the table is the most widely accepted reconstruction, although some believe it to be an alveolar/retroflex distinction, or even an alveolar/palatal distinction. [v₂] & [r₂] were probably taps of some sort.
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Proto-Island-Peninsula. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| Proto-Island-PeninsulaOrthography [edit] | ||||||||||
| *// | -// | ā/a:/ | a/a/ | b/b/ | d₁/d/ | d₂/d̻/ | e/e/ | ē/e:/ | f/ɸ/ | g/g/ |
| ī/i:/ | i/i/ | k/k/ | kʰ/kʰ/ | l/l/ | m/m/ | n₁/n/ | n₂/n̻/ | o/o/ | ō/o:/ | p/p/ |
| pʰ/pʰ/ | r₁/ɹ/ | r₂/ɾ/ | s₁/s/ | s₂/s̻/ | t₁/t/ | t₁ʰ/tʰ/ | t₂/t̻/ | t₂ʰ/t̻ʰ/ | ū/u:/ | u/u/ |
| v₁/β/ | v₂/ʙ̞/ | w/w/ | x/x/ | y/ə/ | ȳ/ə:/ | z₁/z/ | z₂/z̻/ | |||
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] | ||||||||||
Latest 8 related articles listed below.
Reduplication in P.I.P
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21-Feb-20 23:21
