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Proto-Cathani [PQT]
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Typology New 132 words
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Proto-Cathani
Registered by [Deactivated User] on 28 September 2017
Language type Proto-Conlang
Species Human/humanoid
About Proto-Cathani The oldest language of the Cathani language family, a major family in Jeehoop and surrounding areas. Proto-Cathani had an unusual phonology, including prenasalised stops and sibilants, lateral fricatives and a mixed vowel harmony system. Additionally, despite the large obstruent series, there were hardly any sonorants with the 'approximants' frequently surfacing as voiced fricatives in daughter languages, suggesting variation between the two. Coronals were also unusual for having complete harmony between dental/alveolar and retroflex series.

Proto-Cathani was a marked nominative language with 6 cases, 3 degrees of past tense remoteness and a number of aspects. There was also 3 degrees of evidentiality: witness, non-witness and indirect. Mood was seemingly limited to just a realis-irrealis distinction. Grammatical number was a bit more complex as nouns were marked for so-called 'classifiers' which encoded a combination of gender, size, shape, and number.
Sample of Proto-CathaniCan't find any yet.
Latest vocabulary
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Language family relationships
Language treeCathani
 ⤷  Proto-Cathani
[view] About CathaniA relatively small language family spoken in South-Eastern Miraria (Parshita). All peoples and languages in this family are collectively called Cathani but the name only comes from, and traditionally referred to, the Cathan people - the largest ethni...
Phonology
ConsonantsBilabialDentalAlveolarRetroflexLabio-
velar
VelarUvularPharyngealGlottal
Nasal m   ɳ   ŋ      
Plosive p1 pʼ b ᵐb   2 t̪ʼ d̪ ⁿd̪ ʈ3 ʈʼ ɖ ᶯɖ   k4 kʼ g ᵑg q5 qʼ   (ʔ)6
Fricative   ð7 s8 z9 ⁿz10 ʂ11 ʐ12 ᶯʐ13   x ɣ14   ħ15 ʕ16 h
Affricate     t͡sʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ          
Lateral approximant       [ɭ̝̥]17          
Lateral fricative     ɬ            
Approximant       [ɻ̝]18 w19        
Trill     r20            
Blends [ɽ͡r]21
  1. Likely [pʰ].
  2. Likely [t̪ʰ].
  3. Likely [ʈʰ].
  4. Likely [kʰ].
  5. Also reconstructed as [ʡ] or [ʔ].
  6. Phonemic status unclear; primarily occurs between vowels to break up hiatus or as part of a nucleus.
  7. Also reconstructed as [ɹ].
  8. Also reconstructed as [t͡s] or [t͡sʰ].
  9. Also reconstructed as [d͡z].
  10. Also reconstructed as [ⁿd͡z].
  11. Also reconstructed as [ʈ͡ʂ] or [ʈ͡ʂʰ].
  12. Also reconstructed as [ɖ͡ʐ].
  13. Also reconstructed as [ᶯɖ͡ʐ].
  14. Also reconstructed as [ɰ].
  15. Also reconstructed as [χ] or [ʜ].
  16. Also reconstructed as [ʁ] or [ʢ].
  17. Phonemic status disputed, likely retroflex harmony-conditioned allophone, allophone of /ɬ/
  18. Phonemic status disputed, likely retroflex harmony-conditioned allophone, also reconstructed as [ɻ], allophone of /ð/
  19. Also reconstructed as [β] or [ɣʷ].
  20. Also reconstructed as [ɾ].
  21. Phonemic status disputed, likely retroflex harmony-conditioned allophone, also reconstructed as [ɽ], allophone of /r/
VowelsFrontCentralBack
Close i1 y2   ɯ3 u4
Close-mid e5 ø6   o7
Mid   (ə)8  
Open     ɑ9
  1. Also reconstructed as [e] in some words.
  2. Also reconstructed as [ø] in some words.
  3. Also reconstructed as [ɤ] in some words.
  4. Also reconstructed as [o] in some words.
  5. Also reconstructed as [ɛ] or [æ].
  6. Also reconstructed as [œ].
  7. Also reconstructed as [ɔ] or [ɒ].
  8. Epenthetic, does occur in some roots but unclear if phonemic or not. Also reconstructed as [ɨ].
  9. Also reconstructed as [ʌ] or [a].
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Proto-Cathani. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
 Proto-CathaniOrthography [edit]
a/ɑ/1b/b/d/d̪/e/e/2g/g//ħ/3h/h/i/i/4k/k/5k'/kʼ/
l/ɬ/, [ɭ̝̥]6m/m/m̆b/ᵐb/n/n̪/n̆d/ⁿd̪/n̆g/ᵑg/n̆rd/ᶯɖ/n̆rz/ᶯʐ/7n̆z/ⁿz/8ö/ø/9
o/o/10p/p/11p'/pʼ/q/q/12q'/qʼ/r/r/13, [ɽ͡r]14rd/ɖ/rn/ɳ/rs/ʂ/15rs'/ʈ͡ʂʼ/
rt/ʈ/16rt'/ʈʼ/rz/ʐ/17s/s/18s'/t͡sʼ/t/t̪/19t'/t̪ʼ/ü/y/20u/u/21w/w/22
x/x/y/ɯ/23z/z/24ŋ/ŋ/ə/ə/25ɣ/ɣ/26ʾ/ʔ/27ʿ/ʕ/28δ/ð/29, [ɻ̝]30
✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change]
  1. Also reconstructed as [ʌ] or [a].
  2. Also reconstructed as [ɛ] or [æ].
  3. Also reconstructed as [χ] or [ʜ].
  4. Also reconstructed as [e] in some words.
  5. Likely [kʰ].
  6. Phonemic status disputed, likely retroflex harmony-conditioned allophone
  7. Also reconstructed as [ᶯɖ͡ʐ].
  8. Also reconstructed as [ⁿd͡z].
  9. Also reconstructed as [œ].
  10. Also reconstructed as [ɔ] or [ɒ].
  11. Likely [pʰ].
  12. Also reconstructed as [ʡ] or [ʔ].
  13. Also reconstructed as [ɾ].
  14. Phonemic status disputed, likely retroflex harmony-conditioned allophone, also reconstructed as [ɽ].
  15. Also reconstructed as [ʈ͡ʂ] or [ʈ͡ʂʰ].
  16. Likely [ʈʰ].
  17. Also reconstructed as [ɖ͡ʐ].
  18. Also reconstructed as [t͡s] or [t͡sʰ].
  19. Likely [t̪ʰ].
  20. Also reconstructed as [ø] in some words.
  21. Also reconstructed as [o] in some words.
  22. Also reconstructed as [β] or [ɣʷ].
  23. Also reconstructed as [ɤ] in some words.
  24. Also reconstructed as [d͡z].
  25. Epenthetic, does occur in some roots but unclear if phonemic or not. Also reconstructed as [ɨ], loan words only
  26. Also reconstructed as [ɰ].
  27. Phonemic status unclear; primarily occurs between vowels to break up hiatus or as part of a nucleus, loan words only
  28. Also reconstructed as [ʁ] or [ʢ].
  29. Also reconstructed as [ɹ].
  30. Phonemic status disputed, likely retroflex harmony-conditioned allophone, also reconstructed as [ɻ]
Typological information for Proto-Cathani

Evidentiality distinctionsWitness/nonwitness
Morphological typologyAgglutinative
Morphosyntactic alignmentNominative/Accusative
Primary word orderVSO
Vowel harmonyMultiple

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