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Proto-Osveraali [PVO]
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LotM Winner Typology Progressing 2,663 words
[view flag info] Proto-Osveraali
Ẹsvera'ali [œsfɛʁɐʔɐli]
Registered by [Deactivated User] on 1 September 2018
+ shared with: [Deactivated User], [Deactivated User], [Deactivated User], [Deactivated User], [Deactivated User], [Deactivated User]
Language type Proto-Conlang
Species Human/humanoid
About Proto-Osveraali Proto-Osveraali is the common ancestor of all modern languages of Atsiq.

WIP grammar document available here.

Features:

- SOV in main clauses, but nouns marked by relative clauses are fronted
- Left-branching, postpositional, agglutinating
- Nominative-accusative with differential object marking (genitive partial objects, zero marking in negative sentences)
- Eleven cases (nominative, genitive, accusative, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, comitative, abessive)
- Dual number on nouns, but not on adjectives and only to a limited degree on verbs; also a collective transnumeral form
- Two-dimensional vowel harmony: front/back harmony spans the entire word, while rounding harmony affects only suffixes based on the immediately preceding syllable
- Three phonemic vowel lengths, but no length distinction in consonants
- No gender, no articles
- Present-future-past tense system; tense-neutral desiderative and conditional mood
- Asymmetric negation: negative mood levels all tense distinctions and case marking
- Adverbial clauses expressed by a single catch-all adverbial form
- Possessive suffixes
- Middle voice covering reflexive, reciprocal, benefactive uses
- Predicative and attributive adjectives morphologically distinguished
- Duodecimal base counting system
Sample of Proto-Osveraali[view] Ƥís vôpsa á.

This is my animal.[view all texts]
Latest vocabulary
ƙâdastímérvrefine
ƙâdastímérveducate
ƙâdastímérvcultivate
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Sound samples in Proto-Osveraali
Some sound samples of Proto-Osveraali. Maximum of 6 shown. Click the links to see the full texts.
Ǯẻpsas šémiri ák!
You're eating my food!
Mâj ás.
I am a cat
Language family relationships
Language treeOsveraali
 ⤷  Proto-Osveraali
[view] About OsveraaliThe Osveraali languages are native to the continent of Atsiq, where they account for more than ninety-five percent of speakers. Traits shared by most Osveraali languages include large vowel inventories, retroflex consonants, fusional suffixing morpho...
Phonology
ConsonantsBilabialLabio-
dental		DentalAlveolarPost-
Alveolar		PalatalLabio-
velar		VelarUvularGlottalOther
Nasal m m̥     n n̥   (ɲ)1   ŋ ŋ̥ ɴ ɴ̥    
Plosive p pʰ b     t tʰ d   (c)2 (ɟ)3   k (kʷ)4 kʰ g (gʷ)5 q (qʷ)6 qʰ ɢ ʔ  
Fricative   f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ (ç)7 (çʷ)8   (x)9 (xʷ)10 (ɣ)11 (ɣʷ)12 χ (χʷ)13 ʁ h  
Affricate       t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ            
Lateral approximant       l   (ʎ)14         ɫ
Approximant           j (ʍ)15 w (ɰ)16      
Trill                 (ʀ)17    
  1. South Osveraali
  2. South Osveraali
  3. South Osveraali
  4. South Osveraali
  5. South Osveraali
  6. South Osveraali
  7. South Osveraali
  8. South Osveraali
  9. Greater Osveraali and South Osveraali
  10. South Osveraali
  11. Greater Osveraali and South Osveraali
  12. South Osveraali
  13. South Osveraali
  14. South Osveraali
  15. South Osveraali
  16. South Osveraali
  17. South Osveraali
VowelsFrontNear-
front		CentralNear-
back		Back
Close i i:: i: y y:: y:   (ɨ)1 (ɨ:)2 (ʉ)3 (ʉ:)4   ɯ ɯ:: ɯ: u u:: u:
Near-close   (ɪ)5 (ʏ)6   (ʊ)7  
Close-mid (e)8 (e:)9 (ø)10 (ø:)11       ɤ ɤ:: ɤ: o o:: o:
Mid     (ə)12 (ə:)13    
Open-mid ɛ ɛ:: ɛ: œ œ:: œ:       (ʌ)14 (ɔ)15
Near-open (æ)16   ɐ ɐ:: ɐ:    
Open (a)17 (a:)18       (ɑ)19 (ɑ:)20 (ɒ)21 (ɒ:)22
Polyphthongs (ɤɑ)23 (oɐ)24 (uo)25 (aɑ)26 (oɑ)27 (ɛɐ)28 (ɯo)29 (iɐ)30 (uɐ)31 (ya)32
(œa)33 (ie)34 (ɛa)35 (ye)36 (ɐɪ)37 (ɐʊ)38
  1. South Osveraali
  2. Greater and South Osveraali
  3. South Osveraali
  4. South Osveraali
  5. Greater and South Osveraali
  6. Greater and South Osveraali
  7. Greater and South Osveraali
  8. Greater and South Osveraali
  9. Greater Osveraali
  10. Greater and South Osveraali
  11. Greater Osveraali
  12. Greater and South Osveraali
  13. South Osveraali
  14. Greater and South Osveraali
  15. Greater and South Osveraali
  16. South Osveraali
  17. Greater and South Osveraali
  18. Greater and South Osveraali
  19. Greater and South Osveraali
  20. Greater and South Osveraali
  21. South Osveraali
  22. South Osveraali
  23. South Osveraali
  24. Greater Osveraali
  25. South Osveraali
  26. South Osveraali
  27. South Osveraali
  28. Greater Osveraali
  29. South Osveraali
  30. Greater Osveraali
  31. Greater Osveraali
  32. South Osveraali
  33. South Osveraali
  34. South Osveraali
  35. South Osveraali
  36. South Osveraali
  37. Greater Osveraali
  38. Greater Osveraali
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Proto-Osveraali. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
 Proto-OsveraaliOrthography [edit]
'/ʔ/Ää/ɑ/1Ȁȁ/a:/2Ââ/ɐ::/Āā/ɑ:/3Áá/ɐ:/Ăă/æ/4Aa/ɐ/Àà/a/5ÀÄ àä/aɑ/6AI ai/ɐɪ/7
AU au/ɐʊ/8Bb/b/Ċċ/c/9Ĉĉ/ç/10Čč/t͡ʃ/Ćć/çʷ/11Çç/t͡ʃʰ/Cc/t͡s/Dd/d/Ḍḍ/ð/Ēē/ə:/12
Êê/ɛ::/Ẹẹ/œ/Ȅȅ/e:/13Èè/e/14Ee/ɛ/Ẽẽ/œ::/Ẻẻ/œ:/Éé/ɛ:/Ëë/ʌ/15EA ea/ɛɐ/16ẸÀ ẹà/œa/17
EÀ eà/ɛa/18Ff/f/Ǵǵ/ɢ/Ǧǧ/gʷ/19Gg/g/Hh/h/Ȟȟ/χʷ/20Íí/i:/Ïï/ɪ/21Îî/i::/Ii/i/
Ỉỉ/y:/Ĩĩ/y::/Ịị/y/IA ia/iɐ/22ỊÀ ịà/ya/23IÈ iè/ie/24ỊÈ ịè/ye/25Jj/j/J̌ǰ/ɟ/26Ǩǩ/kʷ/27Kk/k/
Ḷḷ/ɫ/Ľľ/ʎ/28Ll/l/Mm/m/Ṃṃ/m̥/Ṋṋ/ŋ̥/Ńń/ɴ/Nn/n/Ṇṇ/n̥/Ññ/ɲ/29Ņņ/ŋ/
Ňň/ɴ̥/Ỏỏ/ɤ:/Òò/ɔ/30Ôô/o::/Oo/o/Ọọ/ɤ/Õõ/ɤ::/Ơơ/ɒ/31Óó/o:/Ớớ/ɒ:/32ỌÄ ọä/ɤɑ/33
OA oa/oɐ/34OÄ oä/oɑ/35Pp/p/Qq/q/Rr/ʁ/Ṛṛ/ɣʷ/36Ṙṙ/ɣ/37Ss/s/Šš/ʃ/Ṭṭ/θ/Tt/t/
Ủủ/ɯ:/Úú/u:/Üü/ʊ/38Ụụ/ɯ/Ũũ/ɯ::/Uu/u/Ûû/u::/UA ua/uɐ/39UO uo/uo/40ỤO ụo/ɯo/41Vv/v/
Ww/w/Ẋẋ/x/42Xx/χ/X̣ x̣/xʷ/43Ẏẏ/ʉ/44Ȳȳ/ʉ:/45Yy/ɨ/46Ýý/ɨ:/47Ÿÿ/ʏ/48Żż/d͡z/Zz/z/
Ǿǿ/ø:/49Øø/ø/50Ƈƈ/t͡sʰ/Əə/ə/51Ƙƙ/kʰ/Ƥƥ/pʰ/Ʀʀ/ʀ/52Ʈʈ/tʰ/Ʒʒ/ʒ/Ǯǯ/d͡ʒ/Ǥǥ/qʷ/53
Ɋɋ/qʰ/ʍ/ʍ/54Ⱳⱳ/ɰ/55
✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change]
  1. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  2. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  3. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  4. South Osveraali, loan words only
  5. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  6. South Osveraali, loan words only
  7. Greater Osveraali, loan words only
  8. Greater Osveraali, loan words only
  9. South Osveraali, loan words only
  10. South Osveraali, loan words only
  11. South Osveraali, loan words only
  12. South Osveraali, loan words only
  13. Greater Osveraali, loan words only
  14. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  15. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  16. Greater Osveraali, loan words only
  17. South Osveraali, loan words only
  18. South Osveraali, loan words only
  19. South Osveraali, loan words only
  20. South Osveraali, loan words only
  21. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  22. Greater Osveraali, loan words only
  23. South Osveraali, loan words only
  24. South Osveraali, loan words only
  25. South Osveraali, loan words only
  26. South Osveraali, loan words only
  27. South Osveraali, loan words only
  28. South Osveraali, loan words only
  29. South Osveraali, loan words only
  30. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  31. South Osveraali, loan words only
  32. South Osveraali, loan words only
  33. South Osveraali, loan words only
  34. Greater Osveraali, loan words only
  35. South Osveraali, loan words only
  36. South Osveraali, loan words only
  37. Greater Osveraali and South Osveraali, loan words only
  38. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  39. Greater Osveraali, loan words only
  40. South Osveraali, loan words only
  41. South Osveraali, loan words only
  42. Greater Osveraali and South Osveraali, loan words only
  43. South Osveraali, loan words only
  44. South Osveraali, loan words only
  45. South Osveraali, loan words only
  46. South Osveraali, loan words only
  47. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  48. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  49. Greater Osveraali, loan words only
  50. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  51. Greater and South Osveraali, loan words only
  52. South Osveraali, loan words only
  53. South Osveraali, loan words only
  54. South Osveraali, loan words only
  55. South Osveraali, loan words only
» Distribution
Articles
Latest 8 related articles listed below.
LotM - Feb 20: Proto-Osveraali
February's Language of the Month is Hastrica's Proto-Osveraa...
14-Feb-20 17:02
Proto-Osveraali serial verbs
A list of serial verbs in Proto-Osveraali
28-Dec-19 20:20
Osveraali language samples
Comparisons of words and sentences in the various Osveraali ...
16-Dec-19 16:07
Proto-Osveraali: Grammatical overview
General structure of Proto-Osveraali
16-Jul-19 11:16
Typological information for Proto-Osveraali

Number of nominal casesEight cases or more
Phonemic vowel lengthShort/Long/Extra long
Primary word orderSOV
Noun-relative clause orderRelative clause first
Vowel harmonyMultiple

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