Standard Retenian [SRTA]
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Typology
Functional
5,731 words
[view flag info] Standard Retenian
Istandáren rayta [ĭstɐnˈdaɾen ˈraytɐ]
[view flag info] Standard Retenian
Istandáren rayta [ĭstɐnˈdaɾen ˈraytɐ]
Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 24 October 2020
Language type
A posteriori
Place & SpeakersStandard Retenian is spoken by a population of around 120,000,000 .
Species
Human/humanoid
About Standard Retenian
べれ ゴた!
Bere jota!
(Hello!)
The Retenian language is the official language of Retenia, it's part of the Retenic language group that is part of the Indo-European family, so it's distantly related with most european languages. However, even if there is a consensus about the fact the retenic language group belong to the Indo-European family, the relation between the Retenic branch and the other branch is unclear and it seems that the Retenic branch was one of the first to separe from the common Indo-European with the Anatolian branch.
This is reinforced by the archeologic and genetic evidences that show that the Retenic languages seems to arrived on the Retenian island between 1900 BC and 1700 BC that corrispond with the arrival of the R1B Y-DNA haplogroup in Western Europe (and then in Retenia). Nowadays R1B is one of the most frequent haplogroup among the retenian male population with I2 and E1B1B haplogroups.
Some distinctive features of
Standard Retenian:
-Agglutinative
-SOV
-head final
-Very restrictive phonotactics
-Some basque and afro-asiatic (proto Berber) substrate with Phoenician, Celtic and latin ancient superstrate, and Nordic, Arabic, Portuguese, Spanish, Latin (again), French and English more recent loanwords.
-Uses a syllabary with more than 100 letters as writing system
Bere jota!
(Hello!)
The Retenian language is the official language of Retenia, it's part of the Retenic language group that is part of the Indo-European family, so it's distantly related with most european languages. However, even if there is a consensus about the fact the retenic language group belong to the Indo-European family, the relation between the Retenic branch and the other branch is unclear and it seems that the Retenic branch was one of the first to separe from the common Indo-European with the Anatolian branch.
This is reinforced by the archeologic and genetic evidences that show that the Retenic languages seems to arrived on the Retenian island between 1900 BC and 1700 BC that corrispond with the arrival of the R1B Y-DNA haplogroup in Western Europe (and then in Retenia). Nowadays R1B is one of the most frequent haplogroup among the retenian male population with I2 and E1B1B haplogroups.
Some distinctive features of
Standard Retenian:-Agglutinative
-SOV
-head final
-Very restrictive phonotactics
-Some basque and afro-asiatic (proto Berber) substrate with Phoenician, Celtic and latin ancient superstrate, and Nordic, Arabic, Portuguese, Spanish, Latin (again), French and English more recent loanwords.
-Uses a syllabary with more than 100 letters as writing system
Sample of Standard Retenian[view] Dénew di seko ri fawla nya ba wata di, yawra tshe mafa yo ame nya di kyeju anjamásunaw. Mafa yo yawra do sōtásaw: "day baytsérake ajay sâ" / / Yawra yo saku mitsima te zerase tshe dayshu do saku zenji te fōjase, ame so yóykezi baytsérake futsi. Tshinkan hora te kyeju kizi jadásun, koja nya di ambásun ba tsondo. Mafa yo yawra do sōtásaw...[view all texts]
Sound samples in Standard Retenian
Some sound samples of Standard Retenian. Maximum of 6 shown. Click the links to see the full texts.
Hora ku soydê pēsénde, ari hora tsomoraki.
Sixty percent of the time, it works every time.
Sixty percent of the time, it works every time.
Kunya so katsebu te tshanga kasa?
How many hats does that woman have?
How many hats does that woman have?
Yawra do īshâra yo kōtsâra ri kenoraka
The search for truth begins with belief.
The search for truth begins with belief.
Sama mankúnay kásen tsow îshu ba hokarentesh tsow rêtu jenásun. kew rashyon tsow anatsu nedatu tsun ...
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and con...
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and con...
Language family relationships
Language treeIndo-European
⤷ Proto-Indo-European
⤷
Proto Retenian
⤷ Central plain retenian (many dialects)
⤷
Old Retenian
⤷
Taurayan
⤷ Nimarran Retenian
⤷ Standard Retenian
⤷ Proto-Indo-European
⤷
Proto Retenian⤷ Central plain retenian (many dialects)
⤷
Old Retenian⤷
Taurayan⤷ Nimarran Retenian
⤷
Standard Retenian[view] About Indo-EuropeanThis family tree includes only the main branches and the branches that are too small to be shown separately. See separate main branches for further detail.
[edit] [view] Fúnen narájin - Kutájin antárjin (Lower Naran - Northern Antarian)This dialect is spoken in the area between the central plain and the eastern plateau.
In this dialect, the influence from Old Antarian and Latin is more important compared to Standard Retenian but there is less celtic and dunaric influence.
In this dialect, the influence from Old Antarian and Latin is more important compared to Standard Retenian but there is less celtic and dunaric influence.
[edit] [view] Kutóshin rayta (North-Eastern Retenian)This dialect has a vocabulary more influenced by Galahian Celtic (related to Gaulish) but also from Gaelic due to a settlement of peoples from Ireland and Britain during the Middle-Ages.
The pronounciation is a little bit different
The pronounciation is a little bit different
[edit] [view] Bahúzenin Rayta (South-western retenian)Bahúzenin Rayta is an unofficial dialect of Standard Retenian, it's the result of the influence locals dialects (regionals languages) on Standard Retenian spoken in South-West of Retenia. So accent and pronunciation is a little bit different. The vocabulary is also more influenced by Portuguese due to the former portuguese rule on theses provinces.
Mains sounds changes:
b > β or v except at beginning of words
Mains sounds changes:
b > β or v except at beginning of words
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | [c]1 | [ɟ]2 | k | g | ||||||||
| Fricative | f | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | [ç]3 | x | h | [ɦ]4 | |||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | [d͡z]5 | t͡ʃ | [d͡ʒ]6 | ||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | j | w | |||||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||||
| Flap | [ɾ]7 | |||||||||||||||
- allophone of /k/
- allophone of /g/
- allophone of /h/
- allophone of /h/
- allophone of /z/
- allophone of /ʒ/
- allophone of /r/
| Vowels | Front | Near- front | Central | Back | ||||
| Close | i i: | [ɨ]1 | [ʉ]2 | [ɯ]3 | u u: | |||
| Near-close | [ɪ]4 | |||||||
| Close-mid | [e]5 | [o]6 | ||||||
| Mid | [ə]7 | |||||||
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛ: | ɔ ɔ: | ||||||
| Near-open | [ɐ]8 | |||||||
| Open | a a: | |||||||
- allophone of /i/
- allophone of /u/
- allophone of /u/
- allophone of /i/
- allophone of /ɛ/
- allophone of /ɔ/
- allophone of /a/
- allophone of /a/
Syllable StructureMostly CV
Sometimes CVC
Rarely CCV
Ts, Sh, Tsh and Kh are not consonant clusters because they are one consonant
Sometimes CVC
Rarely CCV
Ts, Sh, Tsh and Kh are not consonant clusters because they are one consonant
Stress informationPrimary stress is very important in Retenian because it's phonemic.
It occure on the penultimate syllable when thé word end with a vowel and on the last syllable when the word end with a consonnant. If the word don't follow this pattern, the stress is indicate with diacritics:
á, é, í, ó, ú if it's on a short vowel and â, ê, î, ô, û if it's on a long vowel
Ps: Long vowel are always marked with a diacritic
Secondary stress is not important in Retenian, it's only for the rythm.
It only occure in words of 3 syllables or more.
Stress often affect the way that a vowel is pronounced.
It occure on the penultimate syllable when thé word end with a vowel and on the last syllable when the word end with a consonnant. If the word don't follow this pattern, the stress is indicate with diacritics:
á, é, í, ó, ú if it's on a short vowel and â, ê, î, ô, û if it's on a long vowel
Ps: Long vowel are always marked with a diacritic
Secondary stress is not important in Retenian, it's only for the rythm.
It only occure in words of 3 syllables or more.
Stress often affect the way that a vowel is pronounced.
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Standard Retenian. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| Standard RetenianOrthography [edit] | ||||||||||
| Aa/a/, [ə], [ɐ] | Āā/a:/ | Bb/b/ | Dd/d/ | Ee/ɛ/, [e] | Ēē/ɛ:/ | Ff/f/ | Gg/g/, [ɟ] | Hh/h/, [ç], [ɦ] | Īī/i:/ | Ii/i/, [ɨ], [ɪ] |
| Jj/ʒ/, [d͡ʒ] | Kk/k/, [c] | KH kh/x/ | Ll/l/ | Mm/m/ | Nn/n/ | NY ny/ɲ/ | Oo/ɔ/, [o] | Ōō/ɔ:/ | Pp/p/ | Rr/r/, [ɾ] |
| Ss/s/ | SH sh/ʃ/ | Tt/t/ | TS ts/t͡s/ | TSH tsh/t͡ʃ/ | Ūū/u:/ | Uu/u/, [ɯ], [ʉ] | Vv/ʋ/ | Ww/w/ | Yy/j/ | Zz/z/, [d͡z] |
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] | ||||||||||
Conscript
Additional NotesStandard Retenian uses 2 writing systems:
-The traditionnal Retenian Anenarian semi-syllabary, devired from Phoenician abjad and used since ~700 BC
-The latin alphabet
During the period of Amarenu Dynasty, Old Retenian was written with a logographic/hieroglyphic script that evoluted from pre-retenian proto script.
Only in loanwords:
- Br, dr, pr, tr, kr
Only in very recents loanwords:
- V at the beginning at the word (pronounced [ʋ],[β] or [w] depending the accent).
-The traditionnal Retenian Anenarian semi-syllabary, devired from Phoenician abjad and used since ~700 BC
-The latin alphabet
During the period of Amarenu Dynasty, Old Retenian was written with a logographic/hieroglyphic script that evoluted from pre-retenian proto script.
Only in loanwords:
- Br, dr, pr, tr, kr
Only in very recents loanwords:
- V at the beginning at the word (pronounced [ʋ],[β] or [w] depending the accent).
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