Dr. Strangethe
▲
0▲ 0 ▼ 0
Literally a list of pronouns, determiners and some conjugations of locative cases
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 17 Oct 2022, 02:30.
[comments] nyg
1. Dr. Strangethe
?
?
?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
[edit] [top]Dr. Strangethe or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Express Movement of Nouns and Pronouns with Determiners
In Proto-Ngycetian (PN), articles, demonstrators, and quantifiers (henceforth called "determiners" for brevity, even if it's not fully accurate) do a lot of heavy lifting. Here is a list of PN determiners:
| ERG | ABS | |
|---|---|---|
| DEFDefinite "the" | ||
| INDEFIndefinite a nonspecific referent | ||
| PROXProximal (proximity) close to speaker | ||
| MEDMedial (proximity) not too far from speaker; close to addressee | ||
| DISTDistal (proximity) far from speaker (and addressee) | ||
| PRSNTPresent person (person) other party, in attendance | ||
| ABSNTAbsent (person) other party, not in attendance | ||
| PAUPaucal (number) a few, some | ||
| TOTTotal all/every | ||
| TOTTotal all/every.EXCExclusionary case (case) everything except for... | ||
| ONLYUnknown code |
The definite article "te̤r" (and all other determiners) can be prefixed with noun modifiers like adjectives and numerals, e.g.:
ne̤mpéntǎ̤ta̹r we̤
ne̤- mpé- ntǎ̤- ta̹r we̤
one-QUANQuantitative (case)
assigned a quantity-obvious-DEFDefinite
"the" choice
The one obvious choice
In an intransitive verb phrase, determiners also contain verbal modality;
ráa̹ᶈa̤ myó te̤
ráa̹- ᶈa̤ myó te̤
PROXProximal (proximity)
close to speaker.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument-IMPImperative (mood)
command cat go
This cat must go.
and if no mood is specified, a generic "intransitive" marker is used in its place:
temyɲ myó fé
tem- yɲ myó fé
TOTTotal
all/every.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument-INTRIntransitive (valency)
has one argument cat walk
All cats walk.
Proto-Ngycetian determiners have another use: pronouns. A demonstrator points to where the person is, and a numeral determines how many people; PROXProximal (proximity)
close to speaker-one translates to 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I. Sidenote that one-PROXProximal (proximity)
close to speaker, by contrast, translates to this one, and one-QUANQuantitative (case)
assigned a quantity-PROXProximal (proximity)
close to speaker translates to one of this.
Pronouns in their Absolutive Form:
| Direct Translation | Contextual Meaning | Proto-Ngycetian |
|---|---|---|
| PROXProximal (proximity) close to speaker.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-one | 1First person (person) speaker, signer, etc; I.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument | |
| PROXProximal (proximity) close to speaker.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-two | 12First person inclusive (person) speaker and addressee; you and me/us.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument | |
| PROXProximal (proximity) close to speaker.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-PAUPaucal (number) a few, some | 1PAUFirst person paucal (person) we (us few).ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument |
| Direct Translation | Contextual Meaning | Proto-Ngycetian |
|---|---|---|
| MEDMedial (proximity) not too far from speaker; close to addressee.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-one | 2Second person (person) addressee (you).ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument | |
| MEDMedial (proximity) not too far from speaker; close to addressee.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-two | 22Unknown code.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument | |
| MEDMedial (proximity) not too far from speaker; close to addressee.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-PAUPaucal (number) a few, some | 2PAUSecond person paucal (person) you (you few).ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument |
| Direct Translation | Contextual Meaning | Proto-Ngycetian |
|---|---|---|
| DISTDistal (proximity) far from speaker (and addressee).ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-one | 3Third person (person) neither speaker nor addressee.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument | |
| DISTDistal (proximity) far from speaker (and addressee).ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-two | 32Unknown code.ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument | |
| DISTDistal (proximity) far from speaker (and addressee).ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument-PAUPaucal (number) a few, some | 3PAUThird person paucal (person) they (they few).ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument |
These pronouns are quite clumsy to use in everyday speech, and are usually shortened to either their respective numeral or demonstrator if an establishing reference has already been made
or depending on certain social contexts.
ne̤ ne̤ te
1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I 2Second person (person)
addressee (you) love
[Expression] I love you.
(can also be translated as "you love me", but the agent and object of the love doesn't matter in this context)
Determiners are often used on other determiners, treating a demonstrator as a noun and assigning a contextually genitive article, for instance:
me̤ yrát pǎ̤
[GENGenitive (case)
possessive].INDEFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent PROXProximal (proximity)
close to speaker.ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent leaf
A this's leaf (any leaf that is similar to this one)
ta̹r yrát pǎ̤
[GENGenitive (case)
possessive].DEFDefinite
"the" PROXProximal (proximity)
close to speaker.ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent leaf
The this's leaf (A leaf that is known and is similar to this one)
Pronouns in their Ergative Form:
| Direct Translation | Contextual Meaning | Proto-Ngycetian |
|---|---|---|
| PROXProximal (proximity) close to speaker.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-one | 1First person (person) speaker, signer, etc; I.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent | |
| PROXProximal (proximity) close to speaker.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-two | 12First person inclusive (person) speaker and addressee; you and me/us.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent | |
| PROXProximal (proximity) close to speaker.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-PAUPaucal (number) a few, some | 1PAUFirst person paucal (person) we (us few).ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent |
| Direct Translation | Contextual Meaning | Proto-Ngycetian |
|---|---|---|
| MEDMedial (proximity) not too far from speaker; close to addressee.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-one | 2Second person (person) addressee (you).ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent | |
| MEDMedial (proximity) not too far from speaker; close to addressee.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-two | 22Unknown code.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent | |
| MEDMedial (proximity) not too far from speaker; close to addressee.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-PAUPaucal (number) a few, some | 2PAUSecond person paucal (person) you (you few).ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent |
| Direct Translation | Contextual Meaning | Proto-Ngycetian |
|---|---|---|
| DISTDistal (proximity) far from speaker (and addressee).ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-one | 3Third person (person) neither speaker nor addressee.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent | |
| DISTDistal (proximity) far from speaker (and addressee).ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-two | 32Unknown code.ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent | |
| DISTDistal (proximity) far from speaker (and addressee).ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent-PAUPaucal (number) a few, some | 3PAUThird person paucal (person) they (they few).ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent |
✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
Comments
