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Lesson #3
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Using Zaban forms for more complex sentences and taking advantage of the syntax for emphasis
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 18 Mar 2024, 06:11.

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Take a look at the Zaban (determiner) conjugation forms here, which will come later in this lesson:
https://conworkshop.com/view_gram_table.php?g=21c9c82e3346223d6fd02a8d7a7c2ea7

Lesson 3

Consider the following sentences:

1) An fakhʾar at yushafan lutjadayl? | (would) You have the abilities?

2) Yushafan lutjadayl an fakhʾar at? | Would you have the abilities?

3) En udh et yushafan lutjadayl an fakhʾar at? | Would YOU have the abilities?

4) Yushafan ghashayl an fakhʾar at? | Would you HAVE the abilities?

5) Shi fakhʾar e, eyed udh et? | Would you have (be with) abilities?

Sentences 1-3 are verbal sentences, using the yadakhtob "shafan lutjad". The fourth sentence uses "shafan ghash". The fifth sentence is a nominal sentence.

Sentence #1


What's interesting about this sentence is that the object of the sentence is at the start (i.e. an fakhʾar at). Recall how we discussed the yadakhtob (verbal compound), khatab (verb root) and ekhatabit (verb satellite) in previous lessons as well as zarid (definite noun group) and barid (indefinite noun group). What makes the first sentence's zarid clause definite is the "t" at the end of "at" and what makes it an object is the "a" at the start of "at". As for the yadakhtob of the sentence, the khatab has to be conjugated in the 2nd person for the implied "you" subject and the ekhatabit has to be conjugated to the contemplative and 2nd person to convey the meaning of "would".

Do note that, as a group, "shafan lutjad" signifies literally "to possess apologetically" but it's actual signification is "to have" or "to possess without strong grasp".

That said, what changes this sentence format from other formats is that whenever a sentence finishes with the ekhatabit (except for very simple sentences with only verbs), the meaning it conveys is softened.

In this sentence, it's as if you already know that the person would want to have an ability, but you're rhetorically asking him for a confirmation.

Sentence #2


This form, namely, the SVO form is neutral, the subject being attached to the verbed directly. There is no emphasis except through intonation colloquially or through group tones which will be covered in another lesson.

Sentence #3



It is important to note that the ekagha may be omitted, for the more poetic and colloquial "En udh yushafan lutjadayl an fakhʾar at?" More should come about how Saskartan intermingles poetry and colloquialism, instead of informality and colloquialism, the latter being instead associated with inarticulate and imprecise speech. Enunciating every single ekagha can be exceedingly formal and redundant.

This form stylistically repeats the attached subject at the start, which adds emphasis to the subject of the sentence.

Sentence #4



This sentence also uses the neutral SVO form, but employs an ekhatabit which holds an emphatic sense. There are a few yedakhtob which can be qualified as holding a secondary "ateiheba" emphatic sense. The sentence thereby becomes: "Verily, you have the abilities."



This nominal sentence form works when the zarid and barid are inverted (i.e. barid-zarid) and when the barid begins with "shi". Similar to what was covered in lesson 1, the copula is dropped and is implied."Would you (be) with abilities?"

It is also important to note that here the determiner "en" was conjugated to the conditional "eyed". This will be covered in future lessons.

Conclusion

In this lesson we have reviewed the previous lessons and seen how different sentence forms can be used for emphasis. What was seen can be summarized in the following:

VERBAL SENTENCES
1. The SVO is the neutral form.
2. When a sentence (with more than just a verb) ends with the ekhatabit, the effect of the ekhatabit in the meaning is greatly reduced.
3. A sentence which repeats the pronoun in addition to its attached form creates strong emphasis to do subject.
4. Some verb combinations (yadakhtob) convey an additional emphatic meaning.

NOMINAL SENTENCES
5. Nominal sentences can be used to convey the meaning of "be with" instead of "have". This is done by inverting zarid and barid and starting the barid with "shi".

Please review each of these concepts and practice writing a few sentences with these techniques before moving onward.
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