Arakene imperatives
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The difference between the verbal prefixes lo-, qu-, and nji-.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 28 Mar 2024, 09:52.
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2. Subject Agreement
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There are three verbal prefixes in Arakene that could be described as 'imperatives'. They each have different meanings however, and cannot be used interchangeably.qu-
The prefix qu- is used to mark orders. It indicates that the subject must do something because someone tells them to. It is usually translated as 'must' in English.
Vèd simin qutèté.
DEMDemonstrative
e.g. this/ that.VISVisible (proximity)
thing within sight-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I-DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location IMPImperative (mood)
command-give-2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you)
You must give that to me (i.e. because I or someone else told you to and you should listen).
lo-
The prefix lo indicates that something is necessary in order to do something else. It does not imply any desire or obligation to do it, just that it is needed.
Vèd simin lotèté.
DEMDemonstrative
e.g. this/ that.VISVisible (proximity)
thing within sight-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I-DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location NECNecessitative mood (mood)
must, have to-give-2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you)
You need to give that to me (i.e. because I need it).
nji-
The prefix nji indicates that something should be done to ensure a good outcome, or for one's own wellbeing. It is not explicitly necessary or obligatory. It is usually translated as 'should' in English.
Vèd simin njitèté.
DEMDemonstrative
e.g. this/ that.VISVisible (proximity)
thing within sight-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I-DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object-give-2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you)
You should give that to me (i.e. because you could hurt yourself).
(Glossed as OBLOblique (argument)
indirect or demoted object for lack of better terms) ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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