Nouns in Onakerese
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An overview of nouns in Onakerese.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 9 Jan 2020, 21:10.
[comments] onanounsgrammar
3. Nouns in Onakerese
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5. Onakerese abugida
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8. Verbs in Onakerese
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Nominal morphology is simple. There are no cases and no genders or classes. Onakerese has only two numbers: singular and plural, and the latter is where some of the inflectional morphology comes to play. There are several ways of forming plural.
Pluralisation of nouns:
- if the final vowel is short, it's lengthened: hrf haro “boy” → hjrf harō “boys”
- if the final vowel is long, there's no change: hjtb hatē “voice” → hjtb hatē “voices”
- suppletive root in the plural (only a few words): pq paɂa “man” → kejrg kaerī “men”
Nouns can also be fully reduplicated (not to be confused with partial reduplication, which is derivational), in which case the reduplicated noun carries the meaning of “all (the) [noun]”. No other changes occur (ie. the final vowel is not lengthened) and in case of suppletive plurals, the singular root is used.
Example: jm mā “thing” → jmá māmā “all (the) things”
However, the same meaning of “all (the) [noun]” can also be expressed by adding qbs ɂesa “all” in front of the noun in plural. This method is preferred for words longer than two syllables.
Example: pq paɂa “man” → qbs kejrg ɂesa kaerī “all (the) men”
As mentioned, the subject (or agent) of a transitive verb is marked by a particle, while the object (or patient) of a transitive verb is unmarked. The subject of an intransitive verbs is also unmarked. The indirect object (ie. dative) is marked as well, and there's an extra particle indicating relation or possession (ie. genitive). All these particles follow the noun.
Particles:
- agent particle: qf ɂo
- dative particle: i i
- genitive particle: ue ue
Example:
tg pq qf tg ngrf i jn jqfjŋ scjtf.
Ti paɂa ɂo ti niro i nā ɂōŋā sutō.
“The man brings flowers to the woman.”
The genitive particle works much like the English 's or the preposition of. Personal pronouns have special possessive forms, however.
Examples:
- tg pq ue jtb jqfjŋ ti paɂa ue tē ɂōŋā “the flowers of the man” or “the man's flowers”
- rukfi jqfjŋ raukoi ɂōŋā “our flowers” (base pronoun: riu raiu “we”) ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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