Numbers in Sáharían
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Formation, symbols, mathematical notation and the monetary system
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Sep 2019, 16:52.
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3. Sáharían Grammar
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4. Sáharíar Súval
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Sáharían numbers operate on a quinary system. It's a decidedly non-decimal system, based off multiplication. Sáharían doesn't have a very advanced system of mathematical notation, and most of it is complicatingly simple. Its symbols for numbers and most other signs work on the basis of abbreviation.The five basic numbers are túsa (one), núth (two), vúsi (three), sanú (four) and belú (five).
Multiplication, addition and subtraction are all used to modify the five basic numbers to attain higher numbers. Whenever multiplication alone can be used to form a number, it is. The choice between subtraction and addition to form prime numbers is a matter of which would be more succinct, or at least, whichever the speaker/writer guesses would be the most concise.
Numbers formed by multiplication are written side by side, with no distinguishing marks, except a hyphen to highlight the join. Thus, vúsi-sanú is twelve; belú-belú twenty-five; núth-vúsi-belú thirty, etc. The words for subtraction, addition and division when creating numbers or writing formulae are yagó/"but", hév/"and" and leth (a shortened form of "divide"), eg. belú-sanú yagó túsa. As in those examples, multiplied numbers are either listed in ascending or descending order, with the subtraction or addition following.
While there are often several different ways to express a number and some are more natural than others, any of the valid options is considered correct. Due to their system, Sáharíans who have to use large numbers of any kind tend to be very well-versed in factoring and prime numbers—those two terms are one of the few distinctly mathematical words they have (ústocéln and héthusó, respectively, with the verbal forms ústocé [v. factor] and héthusón [form a prime number], and ústo for n. "factor").
The word for multiplication is úsosha, with an etymology reflecting this (number/usó + make/shár). The verbal form is úsoshár, the adjectival form úsoshar, and the adverbial form úsosharu (this being Sáharían, the adverbial form is equally important as the verb).
Addition uses the non-mathematical terms, hethó (n.), hethí (v.), hethór (adj.) and hethóru (adv.), while subtractive terms are based off the word for small, óra, with subtraction being órana, subtract being óran, subtractive/ subtracting órar, and the adverb óraru.
Division is lethýra, with the ancillary terms lethýr (v.), lethýrar (adj.) and lethýraru (adv.).
Note: Sáharían does have a script of its own, but since it's a semi-cursive, ligature-drowned thing and I'm lazy, I don't have a font for it, and am not likely to make one for a very long time. All of which is to say that romanizations of the Sáharían letter are used for the symbols. To see the actual Sáharían symbols, see {link to currently non-existant article}.
As stated in the intro, Sáharían numbers are expressed symbolically by simple abbreviation. Thus, túsa is T, núth is N, etc. Due to the way the Sáharían numerical system works (ie. non-decimal), five is not formed as 10; it follows the pattern of the other basic numbers, being abbreviated B. The hyphen that links the components of a multiplication-formed number is omitted when using the abbreviated form (VS vs. vúsi-sanú).
The symbols for subtraction, addition, division and multiplication are also based on abbreviation. Yagó becomes Y, hév becomes H, leth becomes L and in the rare circumstances where a sign is needed for multiplication, it's marked by U and spoken as such.
There is no difference between fractions and two divided numbers, except when one of those numbers is formed using addition or subtraction, in which case the whole fraction is put between two várcelthal (a vertical line a third of the height of a standard-height letter, represented in romanization with its close equivalent, the comma).
Multiplication is noted only when dealing with fractions, eg. TLVBBU,TLSSYN, = 1 ÷ 75 × 1 ÷ 14.
Negative numbers are preceded by a G, gev in speech, deriving from the word gevír/"owing". They're only rarely found outside of a financial context.
Equalities and inequalities also have signs, though the usage of them is mostly restricted to school and certain careers or academic pursuits. "Equals" is by far the most common, and is simply the copula verb, és, abbreviated E. "Does not equal" is rarer, and is usually said as "sú és"/"is not" but written using a character combining an S over an E. "Is less than" and "is more than" are thór/"less" and thír/"more", respectively, written using O and Th (which is not a digraph in the Róanól). For equalities—the last two in particular—it's important to remember that Sáharían's word order means that the number on the right side of the equation is the subject: BOS is true, SOB is not. In speech, thór is sometimes replaced with "ór" (an assimilation to the written form, hovering between thór and óra/"small thing").
Variables are usually marked by Sh, with C often being used as a second variable when required. If a third variable is required, J or F is used. When spoken, sháv (from shávare/“seek”, or less likely, shávan/“smell”), ca (likely from cabrí/“question”), jayf (taken from jayfí/“pretend”) and fesh (from feshál/“who”) are used, respectively.
There are three denominations of coin in the Sáharían system; the rilfán, the hílfara and the shílfa.
The rilfán, a hexagonal copper coin introduced during Thílhanun's reign, has the lowest value. Five rilfánel go into one hílfara, the middle denomination, which is octagonal and made of bronze, introduced in the Tílthorían period or at the latest during Édhrun's reign. Again, five hílfaral go into one shílfa, the highest value coin, decahedral and of silver, the origins of which stretch back into the Middle and Early Célibrían periods, or possibly further.
The names of the different coins are all, like the word for "coin" itself (tílfena), fairly recent, having arose in the highly volatile stage of the transition between Old Sáharían and Sáharían, with rilfán being more recent, dating from Thílhanun's reign. The shapes of the coins were standardized during the reign of Thílhanun (whose exuberant drive to reform was not restricted to the monetary system); before that, as the word tílfena/"metal circle" suggests, coins were round. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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