Pronomial copula in Fòu Tung
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 9 Dec 2021, 22:29. Editing of this article is shared with Germanic Conlangers.
[comments] [history] ftggrammarcopula In
Fou Tong, present tense copula verb has two distinct forms: er ([ɚ]) and xing ([ɕiŋ]).The copula xing is used when the subject is a noun (with very few notable exceptions), and follows the usual SOV order. It is derived from the Germanic verb-form *sind.
The copula er is the so-called pronominal copula and is employed, when the subject is a pronoun (personal, interrogative, relative, impersonal), or a proper name of a human or an entity with agency. If follows the subject immediately, and the usual erhua rules apply to the previous syllable. It is derived from the Germanic verb-form *es.
Examples:
zin
your.SG
[t͡sin mǒ
mother
mò yong
young
joŋ xing
be
ɕiŋ]
My mother is young.
but:
she
she
[ʂ‿ er
be.PNML
ɚ yong
young
joŋ]
She is young.
Bìnjiú
Pintsü
[pîn.ʈ͡ʂj‿ er
be.PNML
ɚ yong
young
joŋ]
Brunilda is young.
Similarly:
góu-hù
gold-house
[kǒu̯.xŷ‿ yin
the
n cui
large
t͡sʰwei̯ xing
be
ɕiŋ]
The bank is large.
but:
Fòu Lang
Folk-land
[fôu̯ laŋ Gong Mang
human.PL
kɔ̃maŋ Góu Hù
gold-house
kǒu̯.x‿ er
be.PNML
û˞ cui
large
t͡sʰwei̯]
Foulang People's Bank is large. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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on 09/12/21 22:29+28[Deactivated User]formatting
on 03/11/21 09:28+6[Deactivated User]change example
on 03/11/21 09:26-3[Deactivated User]grammar
on 03/11/21 09:26-18[Deactivated User]grammar
on 03/11/21 09:24+1[Deactivated User]typo
on 03/11/21 09:18+2[Deactivated User]typo
