Lesson #1
▲
0▲ 0 ▼ 0
Forming semantic markers of a sentence
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 30 Nov 2022, 17:57.
[comments] mcglessonslesson 1 Introduction
The semantic marker at the beginning of a sentence gives information about the subject, object, and indirect object. This semantic marker is called the Nominal Marker. The semantic marker at the end of a sentence gives information about the verb tense, transitivity, voice, mood, and evidentiality. This semantic marker is called the Verbal Marker.
Nominal Marker
Each syllable represents the information for the subject, object, and indirect object.
1st: Subject person, number, always implying NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument.
2nd: Direct object person, number, always implying ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.
3rd: Indirect object person, number, but no case is implied.
It should be said that a preposition is placed in-sentence before the indirect object. This preposition indicates the relationship of the indirect object to either the subject, the direct object, or both!
The 1st and 2nd syllables are "pulled from the same source". Meaning the only thing telling whether, for example, 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I is NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument or ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient, is the syllable placement. They are as below:
| 1st / 2nd Syllables | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I.MASCMasculine (gender) masculine or male | 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I.FEMFeminine (gender) feminine or female | 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive) | 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you).MASCMasculine (gender) masculine or male | 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you).FEMFeminine (gender) feminine or female | 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural) | 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee | 3PThird person plural (person) neither speaker nor addressee, they/them |
| Já / Ja | Hó / Ho | Ney / Në | Sí / Si | Þý / Þy | Fá / Fa | Lé / Le | Lám / Lam |
This actually can allow for some cool mechanics! For example, if just Ja. is said (Because it's the only syllable, 1st syllable loses it's longness), it implies the meaning of "I am." which can be used as the word for "Yes" when asked questions about oneself! It also allows for a more general nonexistence of a copula. Some examples:
speaker, signer, etc.; I.MASCMasculine (gender)
masculine or male person "I'm a man."
speaker, signer, etc.; I.FEMFeminine (gender)
feminine or female person "I'm a woman."
The 3rd syllable is always used just like the 2nd syllable:
| 3rd Syllable | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I.MASCMasculine (gender) masculine or male | 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I.FEMFeminine (gender) feminine or female | 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive) | 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you).MASCMasculine (gender) masculine or male | 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you).FEMFeminine (gender) feminine or female | 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural) | 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee | 3PThird person plural (person) neither speaker nor addressee, they/them |
| Ja | Ho | Në | Si | Þy | Fa | Le | Lam |
Verbal Marker
Like the nominal marker, the verbal marker contains information in each syllable. When no verb is present in-sentence, this functions as a copula.
1st: Tense and aspect.
2nd: Transitivity and voice.
3rd: Mood and evidentiality.
| 1st Syllable | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PREPresent | PREPresent.HABHabitual (aspect) done often or out of habit | PSTPast (tense) action occurred before moment of speech | PSTPast (tense) action occurred before moment of speech.PERFPerfect (aspect/tense) have verb-ed | PSTPast (tense) action occurred before moment of speech.HABHabitual (aspect) done often or out of habit | FUTFuture (tense) action occurring after the moment of speech | FUTFuture (tense) action occurring after the moment of speech.PERFPerfect (aspect/tense) have verb-ed | FUTFuture (tense) action occurring after the moment of speech.HABHabitual (aspect) done often or out of habit |
| --- | í | ó | só | sí | má | mé | mí |
| 2nd Syllable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRTransitive (valency) has two arguments.ACTActive voice (valency, volition) the subject acts, voluntarily | INTRIntransitive (valency) has one argument.ACTActive voice (valency, volition) the subject acts, voluntarily | TRTransitive (valency) has two arguments.PASSPassive voice (valency) be verb-ed | INTRIntransitive (valency) has one argument.PASSPassive voice (valency) be verb-ed | INTRIntransitive (valency) has one argument.RECPReciprocal (valency) arguments act on each other |
| --- | kë | sfa | þë | dey |
The reflexive voice can be constructed by making the nominal marker (and potentially the sentence) have the same syllables (same nouns) and using INTRIntransitive (valency)
has one argument.RECPReciprocal (valency)
arguments act on each other. Also, if a verb is naturally intransitive, then the INTRIntransitive (valency)
has one argument.ACTActive voice (valency, volition)
the subject acts, voluntarily is used to make that verb transitive (it has the opposite meaning).
| 3rd Syllable | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INDIndicative mood (mood) a common form of realis | INDIndicative mood (mood) a common form of realis.SENSSensory evidential (evidential) information gained from any sense | SBJVSubjunctive mood (mood) desired or possible events | SBJVSubjunctive mood (mood) desired or possible events.SENSSensory evidential (evidential) information gained from any sense | CONDConditional (mood) would | CONDConditional (mood) would.SENSSensory evidential (evidential) information gained from any sense | OPTOptative (mood) 'wish, hope' | OPTOptative (mood) 'wish, hope'.SENSSensory evidential (evidential) information gained from any sense | HYPHypothetical (mood) if, or 'it could be' | HYPHypothetical (mood) if, or 'it could be'.SENSSensory evidential (evidential) information gained from any sense | POTPotential (mood) likely events, ability | POTPotential (mood) likely events, ability.SENSSensory evidential (evidential) information gained from any sense | INTIntelligent (gender/class) Sentient beings | INTIntelligent (gender/class) Sentient beings.SENSSensory evidential (evidential) information gained from any sense | IMPImperative (mood) command |
| --- | fli | na | nna | la | lla | ro | llo | mi | mmi | nd | da | kahn | ka | ja |
Comments
